Join Tim and Kim as they talk  with Dr. Hsin Huang, Secretary General of the International Meat Secretariat about some of the surprising products that come from cows other than milk and meat.  CitationsAlam, A. Y. (n.d.). The challenge of dealing with animal derived ingredients in medical/surgical products. 3.Alao, B., Falowo, A., Chulayo, A., &amp; Muchenje, V. (2017). The Potential of Animal By-Products in Food Systems: Production, Prospects and Challenges. Sustainability, 9(7), 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071089Jayathilakan, K., Sultana, K., Radhakrishna, K., &amp; Bawa, A. S. (2012). Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(3), 278–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0290-7Khouw, B. T., Rubin, L. J., &amp; Berry, B. (n.d.). Meat Animal By-Products of Pharmaceutical and Food Interest. 8.Quin, J. (2020). Medicines/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. 33.Singh, N., Halliday, H. L., Stevens, T. P., Suresh, G., Soll, R., &amp; Rojas-Reyes, M. X. (2015). Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010249.pub2Toldrá, F., Reig, M., &amp; Mora, L. (2021). Management of meat by- and co-products for an improved meat processing sustainability. Meat Science, 181, 108608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108608

Join Tim and Kim as they talk  with Dr. Hsin Huang, Secretary General of the International Meat Secretariat about some of the surprising products that come from cows other than milk and meat.  CitationsAlam, A. Y. (n.d.). The challenge of dealing with animal derived ingredients in medical/surgical products. 3.Alao, B., Falowo, A., Chulayo, A., &amp; Muchenje, V. (2017). The Potential of Animal By-Products in Food Systems: Production, Prospects and Challenges. Sustainability, 9(7), 1089. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071089" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071089</a>Jayathilakan, K., Sultana, K., Radhakrishna, K., &amp; Bawa, A. S. (2012). Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(3), 278–293. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0290-7" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0290-7</a>Khouw, B. T., Rubin, L. J., &amp; Berry, B. (n.d.). Meat Animal By-Products of Pharmaceutical and Food Interest. 8.Quin, J. (2020). Medicines/pharmaceuticals of animal origin. 33.Singh, N., Halliday, H. L., Stevens, T. P., Suresh, G., Soll, R., &amp; Rojas-Reyes, M. X. (2015). Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010249.pub2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010249.pub2</a>Toldrá, F., Reig, M., &amp; Mora, L. (2021). Management of meat by- and co-products for an improved meat processing sustainability. Meat Science, 181, 108608. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108608" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108608</a>

More than milk and meat from cows?

CitationsCurtain, F., &amp; Grafenauer, S. (2019). Plant-Based Meat Substitutes in the Flexitarian Age: An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves. Nutrients, 11(11), 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112603Davitt, E. D., Winham, D. M., Heer, M. M., Shelley, M. C., &amp; Knoblauch, S. T. (2021). Predictors of Plant-Based Alternatives to Meat Consumption in Midwest University Students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 53(7), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.459He, J., Evans, N. M., Liu, H., &amp; Shao, S. (2020). A review of research on plant‐based meat alternatives: Driving forces, history, manufacturing, and consumer attitudes. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(5), 2639–2656. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12610Lynch, H., Johnston, C., &amp; Wharton, C. (2018). Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 10(12), 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841Michel, F., Hartmann, C., &amp; Siegrist, M. (2021). Consumers’ associations, perceptions and acceptance of meat and plant-based meat alternatives. Food Quality and Preference, 87, 104063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104063Santo, R. E., Kim, B. F., Goldman, S. E., Dutkiewicz, J., Biehl, E. M. B., Bloem, M. W., Neff, R. A., &amp; Nachman, K. E. (2020). Considering Plant-Based Meat Substitutes and Cell-Based Meats: A Public Health and Food Systems Perspective. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00134van Vliet, S., Kronberg, S. L., &amp; Provenza, F. D. (2020). Plant-Based Meats, Human Health, and Climate Change. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00128

CitationsCurtain, F., &amp; Grafenauer, S. (2019). Plant-Based Meat Substitutes in the Flexitarian Age: An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves. Nutrients, 11(11), 2603. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112603" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112603</a>Davitt, E. D., Winham, D. M., Heer, M. M., Shelley, M. C., &amp; Knoblauch, S. T. (2021). Predictors of Plant-Based Alternatives to Meat Consumption in Midwest University Students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 53(7), 564–572. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.459" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.459</a>He, J., Evans, N. M., Liu, H., &amp; Shao, S. (2020). A review of research on plant‐based meat alternatives: Driving forces, history, manufacturing, and consumer attitudes. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(5), 2639–2656. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12610" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12610</a>Lynch, H., Johnston, C., &amp; Wharton, C. (2018). Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 10(12), 1841. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841</a>Michel, F., Hartmann, C., &amp; Siegrist, M. (2021). Consumers’ associations, perceptions and acceptance of meat and plant-based meat alternatives. Food Quality and Preference, 87, 104063. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104063" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104063</a>Santo, R. E., Kim, B. F., Goldman, S. E., Dutkiewicz, J., Biehl, E. M. B., Bloem, M. W., Neff, R. A., &amp; Nachman, K. E. (2020). Considering Plant-Based Meat Substitutes and Cell-Based Meats: A Public Health and Food Systems Perspective. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 134. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00134" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00134</a>van Vliet, S., Kronberg, S. L., &amp; Provenza, F. D. (2020). Plant-Based Meats, Human Health, and Climate Change. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 128. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00128" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00128</a>

Meat substitutes vs beef

Literature CitedBrooks, S., Leaver, A., Spence, M., Elliott, C. T., &amp; Dean, M. (2017). Pragmatic engagement in a low trust supply chain: Beef farmers’ perceptions of power, trust and agency. Competition &amp; Change, 21(2), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529417691053Chamanara, S., Goldstein, B., &amp; Newell, J. P. (2021). Where’s the beef? Costco’s meat supply chain and environmental justice in California. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123744Fernandes, A. M., de Souza Teixeira, O., Rios, H. V., Canozzi, M. E. A., Schultz, G., &amp; Barcellos, J. O. J. (2019). Insights of innovation and competitiveness in meat supply chains. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 22(3), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2018.0031Ijaz, M., Yar, M. K., Badar, I. H., Ali, S., Islam, Md. S., Jaspal, M. H., Hayat, Z., Sardar, A., Ullah, S., &amp; Guevara-Ruiz, D. (2021). Meat Production and Supply Chain Under COVID-19 Scenario: Current Trends and Future Prospects. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 660736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660736Ma, M., &amp; Lusk, J. (2021). Concentration and Resilience in the U.S. Meat Supply Chains (No. w29103; p. w29103). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29103Meidayanti, K., Arkeman, Y., &amp; Sugiarto. (2019). Analysis and design of beef supply chain traceability system based on blockchain technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 335(1), 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/335/1/012012Nastasijević, I., Lakićević, B., &amp; Petrović, Z. (2017). Cold chain management in meat storage, distribution and retail: A review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 85, 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012022Patrice, T. (n.d.). COVID-19 and the Beef Supply Chain: An Overview. 12.Peel, D. (2021). Beef supply chains and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Animal Frontiers, 11(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaa054Rude, J. (2021). COVID‐19 and the Canadian cattle/beef sector: A second look. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne d’agroeconomie, 69(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12277

Literature CitedBrooks, S., Leaver, A., Spence, M., Elliott, C. T., &amp; Dean, M. (2017). Pragmatic engagement in a low trust supply chain: Beef farmers’ perceptions of power, trust and agency. Competition &amp; Change, 21(2), 114–131. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529417691053" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529417691053</a>Chamanara, S., Goldstein, B., &amp; Newell, J. P. (2021). Where’s the beef? Costco’s meat supply chain and environmental justice in California. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123744. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123744" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123744</a>Fernandes, A. M., de Souza Teixeira, O., Rios, H. V., Canozzi, M. E. A., Schultz, G., &amp; Barcellos, J. O. J. (2019). Insights of innovation and competitiveness in meat supply chains. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 22(3), 413–427. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2018.0031" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2018.0031</a>Ijaz, M., Yar, M. K., Badar, I. H., Ali, S., Islam, Md. S., Jaspal, M. H., Hayat, Z., Sardar, A., Ullah, S., &amp; Guevara-Ruiz, D. (2021). Meat Production and Supply Chain Under COVID-19 Scenario: Current Trends and Future Prospects. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 660736. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660736" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660736</a>Ma, M., &amp; Lusk, J. (2021). Concentration and Resilience in the U.S. Meat Supply Chains (No. w29103; p. w29103). National Bureau of Economic Research. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3386/w29103" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3386/w29103</a>Meidayanti, K., Arkeman, Y., &amp; Sugiarto. (2019). Analysis and design of beef supply chain traceability system based on blockchain technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 335(1), 012012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/335/1/012012" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/335/1/012012</a>Nastasijević, I., Lakićević, B., &amp; Petrović, Z. (2017). Cold chain management in meat storage, distribution and retail: A review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 85, 012022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012022" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012022</a>Patrice, T. (n.d.). COVID-19 and the Beef Supply Chain: An Overview. 12.Peel, D. (2021). Beef supply chains and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Animal Frontiers, 11(1), 33–38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaa054" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaa054</a>Rude, J. (2021). COVID‐19 and the Canadian cattle/beef sector: A second look. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne d’agroeconomie, 69(2), 233–241. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12277" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12277</a>

Why is beef so expensive?

Literature CitiedAdesogan, A. T., Havelaar, A. H., McKune, S. L., Eilittä, M., &amp; Dahl, G. E. (2020). Animal source foods: Sustainability problem or malnutrition and sustainability solution? Perspective matters. Global Food Security, 25, 100325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100325Balehegn, M., Duncan, A., Tolera, A., Ayantunde, A. A., Issa, S., Karimou, M., Zampaligré, N., André, K., Gnanda, I., Varijakshapanicker, P., Kebreab, E., Dubeux, J., Boote, K., Minta, M., Feyissa, F., &amp; Adesogan, A. T. (2020). Improving adoption of technologies and interventions for increasing supply of quality livestock feed in low- and middle-income countries. Global Food Security, 26, 100372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100372Leroy, G., Boettcher, P., Besbes, B., Peña, C. R., Jaffrezic, F., &amp; Baumung, R. (2020). Food securers or invasive aliens? Trends and consequences of non-native livestock introgression in developing countries. Global Food Security, 26, 100420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100420Vipham, J. L., Amenu, K., Alonso, S., Ndahetuye, J.-B., Zereyesus, Y., Nishimwe, K., Bowers, E., Maier, D., Sah, K., Havelaar, A., &amp; Grace, D. (n.d.). No food security without food safety: Lessons from livestock related research. 16.

Literature CitiedAdesogan, A. T., Havelaar, A. H., McKune, S. L., Eilittä, M., &amp; Dahl, G. E. (2020). Animal source foods: Sustainability problem or malnutrition and sustainability solution? Perspective matters. Global Food Security, 25, 100325. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100325" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100325</a>Balehegn, M., Duncan, A., Tolera, A., Ayantunde, A. A., Issa, S., Karimou, M., Zampaligré, N., André, K., Gnanda, I., Varijakshapanicker, P., Kebreab, E., Dubeux, J., Boote, K., Minta, M., Feyissa, F., &amp; Adesogan, A. T. (2020). Improving adoption of technologies and interventions for increasing supply of quality livestock feed in low- and middle-income countries. Global Food Security, 26, 100372. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100372" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100372</a>Leroy, G., Boettcher, P., Besbes, B., Peña, C. R., Jaffrezic, F., &amp; Baumung, R. (2020). Food securers or invasive aliens? Trends and consequences of non-native livestock introgression in developing countries. Global Food Security, 26, 100420. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100420" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100420</a>Vipham, J. L., Amenu, K., Alonso, S., Ndahetuye, J.-B., Zereyesus, Y., Nishimwe, K., Bowers, E., Maier, D., Sah, K., Havelaar, A., &amp; Grace, D. (n.d.). No food security without food safety: Lessons from livestock related research. 16.

Livestock and global food security

Literature CitedKaimowitz, D., Mertens, B., Wunder, S., &amp; Pacheco, P. (n.d.). Cattle ranching and deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon. 10.Rajão, R., &amp; Georgiadou, Y. (2014). Blame Games in the Amazon: Environmental Crises and the Emergence of a Transparency Regime in Brazil. Global Environmental Politics, 14(4), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00259Rajão, R., Soares-Filho, B., Nunes, F., Börner, J., Machado, L., Assis, D., Oliveira, A., Pinto, L., Ribeiro, V., Rausch, L., Gibbs, H., &amp; Figueira, D. (2020). The rotten apples of Brazil’s agribusiness. Science, 369(6501), 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6646Rajão, R., &amp; Vurdubakis, T. (2013). On the Pragmatics of Inscription: Detecting Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Theory, Culture &amp; Society, 30(4), 151–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413486203Shukla, J., Nobre, C., &amp; Sellers, P. (1990). Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change. Science, 247(4948), 1322–1325. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1322Silva Junior, C. H. L., Pessôa, A. C. M., Carvalho, N. S., Reis, J. B. C., Anderson, L. O., &amp; Aragão, L. E. O. C. (2021). The Brazilian Amazon deforestation rate in 2020 is the greatest of the decade. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution, 5(2), 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01368-xSkidmore, M. E., Moffette, F., Rausch, L., Christie, M., Munger, J., &amp; Gibbs, H. K. (2021). Cattle ranchers and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Production, location, and policies. Global Environmental Change, 68, 102280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102280Soares-Filho, B., Rajão, R., Macedo, M., Carneiro, A., Costa, W., Coe, M., Rodrigues, H., &amp; Alencar, A. (2014). Cracking Brazil’s Forest Code. Science, 344(6182), 363–364. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246663Walker, N. F., Patel, S. A., &amp; Kalif, K. A. B. (2013). From Amazon Pasture to the High Street: Deforestation and the Brazilian Cattle Product Supply Chain. Tropical Conservation Science, 6(3), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600309Walker, R., Moran, E., &amp; Anselin, L. (2000). Deforestation and Cattle Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: External Capital and Household Processes. World Development, 28(4), 683–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00149-7

Literature CitedKaimowitz, D., Mertens, B., Wunder, S., &amp; Pacheco, P. (n.d.). Cattle ranching and deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon. 10.Rajão, R., &amp; Georgiadou, Y. (2014). Blame Games in the Amazon: Environmental Crises and the Emergence of a Transparency Regime in Brazil. Global Environmental Politics, 14(4), 97–115. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00259" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00259</a>Rajão, R., Soares-Filho, B., Nunes, F., Börner, J., Machado, L., Assis, D., Oliveira, A., Pinto, L., Ribeiro, V., Rausch, L., Gibbs, H., &amp; Figueira, D. (2020). The rotten apples of Brazil’s agribusiness. Science, 369(6501), 246–248. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6646" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6646</a>Rajão, R., &amp; Vurdubakis, T. (2013). On the Pragmatics of Inscription: Detecting Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Theory, Culture &amp; Society, 30(4), 151–177. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413486203" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413486203</a>Shukla, J., Nobre, C., &amp; Sellers, P. (1990). Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change. Science, 247(4948), 1322–1325. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1322" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1322</a>Silva Junior, C. H. L., Pessôa, A. C. M., Carvalho, N. S., Reis, J. B. C., Anderson, L. O., &amp; Aragão, L. E. O. C. (2021). The Brazilian Amazon deforestation rate in 2020 is the greatest of the decade. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution, 5(2), 144–145. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01368-x" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01368-x</a>Skidmore, M. E., Moffette, F., Rausch, L., Christie, M., Munger, J., &amp; Gibbs, H. K. (2021). Cattle ranchers and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Production, location, and policies. Global Environmental Change, 68, 102280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102280" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102280</a>Soares-Filho, B., Rajão, R., Macedo, M., Carneiro, A., Costa, W., Coe, M., Rodrigues, H., &amp; Alencar, A. (2014). Cracking Brazil’s Forest Code. Science, 344(6182), 363–364. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246663" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246663</a>Walker, N. F., Patel, S. A., &amp; Kalif, K. A. B. (2013). From Amazon Pasture to the High Street: Deforestation and the Brazilian Cattle Product Supply Chain. Tropical Conservation Science, 6(3), 446–467. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600309" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600309</a>Walker, R., Moran, E., &amp; Anselin, L. (2000). Deforestation and Cattle Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: External Capital and Household Processes. World Development, 28(4), 683–699. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00149-7" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00149-7</a>

How much do cows contribute to Amazon deforestation?

Citation Adams, F., Ohene-Yankyera, K., Aidoo, R., &amp; Wongnaa, C. A. (2021). Economic benefits of livestock management in Ghana. Agricultural and Food Economics, 9(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-021-00191-7Addah, W. (2010). Impact of ethnic conflicts on cattle population and production in the eastern corridor of the northern region of Ghana. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/ijotafs.v3i1.50015Balehegn, M., Kebreab, E., Tolera, A., Hunt, S., Erickson, P., Crane, T. A., &amp; Adesogan, A. T. (2021). Livestock sustainability research in Africa with a focus on the environment. Animal Frontiers, 11(4), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab034Chebo, C., &amp; Alemayehu, K. (n.d.). Trends of cattle genetic improvement programs in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. 17.Ilemobade, A. A. (n.d.). Tsetse and trypanosomosis in Africa: The challenges, the opportunities. 6.Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H., Colecraft, E. K., Awuah, R. B., Adjorlolo, L. K., Wilson, M. L., &amp; Jones, A. D. (2018). Leveraging smallholder livestock production to reduce anemia: A qualitative study of three agroecological zones in Ghana. Social Science &amp; Medicine, 212, 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.028Otte, J., Pica-Ciamarra, U., &amp; Morzaria, S. (2019). A Comparative Overview of the Livestock-Environment Interactions in Asia and Sub-saharan Africa. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00037University of Ghana, Obese, F., Acheampong, D., Darfour-Oduro, K., &amp; Animal Research Institute, Ghana. (2013). Growth and reproductive traits of friesian X sanga crossbred cattle in the Accra plains of Ghana. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(57), 7357–7371. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11440The role of livestock in food security, poverty reduction and wealth creation in West Africa. (2020). FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8385enEVALUATION OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL FEED RESOURCES FOR RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN GHANA. (n.d.). 36.

Citation Adams, F., Ohene-Yankyera, K., Aidoo, R., &amp; Wongnaa, C. A. (2021). Economic benefits of livestock management in Ghana. Agricultural and Food Economics, 9(1), 17. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-021-00191-7" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-021-00191-7</a>Addah, W. (2010). Impact of ethnic conflicts on cattle population and production in the eastern corridor of the northern region of Ghana. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems, 3(1). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4314/ijotafs.v3i1.50015" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4314/ijotafs.v3i1.50015</a>Balehegn, M., Kebreab, E., Tolera, A., Hunt, S., Erickson, P., Crane, T. A., &amp; Adesogan, A. T. (2021). Livestock sustainability research in Africa with a focus on the environment. Animal Frontiers, 11(4), 47–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab034" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab034</a>Chebo, C., &amp; Alemayehu, K. (n.d.). Trends of cattle genetic improvement programs in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. 17.Ilemobade, A. A. (n.d.). Tsetse and trypanosomosis in Africa: The challenges, the opportunities. 6.Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H., Colecraft, E. K., Awuah, R. B., Adjorlolo, L. K., Wilson, M. L., &amp; Jones, A. D. (2018). Leveraging smallholder livestock production to reduce anemia: A qualitative study of three agroecological zones in Ghana. Social Science &amp; Medicine, 212, 191–202. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.028" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.028</a>Otte, J., Pica-Ciamarra, U., &amp; Morzaria, S. (2019). A Comparative Overview of the Livestock-Environment Interactions in Asia and Sub-saharan Africa. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 37. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00037" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00037</a>University of Ghana, Obese, F., Acheampong, D., Darfour-Oduro, K., &amp; Animal Research Institute, Ghana. (2013). Growth and reproductive traits of friesian X sanga crossbred cattle in the Accra plains of Ghana. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(57), 7357–7371. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11440" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11440</a>The role of livestock in food security, poverty reduction and wealth creation in West Africa. (2020). FAO. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8385en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8385en</a>EVALUATION OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL FEED RESOURCES FOR RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN GHANA. (n.d.). 36.

Cows in Ghana

CitationCan be found in the episode notes of the past 17 episodes at Cows on the Planet (simplecast.com).

CitationCan be found in the episode notes of the past 17 episodes at <a href="https://cows-on-the-planet.simplecast.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cows on the Planet (simplecast.com)</a>.

Season 1 Review

CitationsFAO. (2018). Nutrient flows and associated environmental impacts in livestock suppply chains: Guidelines for assessment.FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. (2019). WATER USE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT: Version 1. FOOD &amp; AGRICULTURE ORG.Biodiversity and the livestock sector—Guidelines for quantitative assessment. (2020). FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9295enEnvironmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains. Guidelines for assessment. (2020). FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9744enBiodiversity and the livestock sector. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains. (n.d.). 184.Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of large ruminants supply chains. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of large ruminants supply chains. (n.d.). 2.

CitationsFAO. (2018). Nutrient flows and associated environmental impacts in livestock suppply chains: Guidelines for assessment.FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. (2019). WATER USE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT: Version 1. FOOD &amp; AGRICULTURE ORG.Biodiversity and the livestock sector—Guidelines for quantitative assessment. (2020). FAO. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9295en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9295en</a>Environmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains. Guidelines for assessment. (2020). FAO. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9744en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9744en</a>Biodiversity and the livestock sector. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains. (n.d.). 184.Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of large ruminants supply chains. (n.d.). 2.Environmental performance of large ruminants supply chains. (n.d.). 2.

How do you define sustainable beef?

CitationsClark, M., &amp; Tilman, D. (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, 12(6), 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5Garrido, P., Edenius, L., Mikusiński, G., Skarin, A., Jansson, A., &amp; Thulin, C.-G. (2021). Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows. Ambio, 50(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0Smit, C., Ruifrok, J. L., van Klink, R., &amp; Olff, H. (2015). Rewilding with large herbivores: The importance of grazing refuges for sapling establishment and wood-pasture formation. Biological Conservation, 182, 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047Tilman, D., &amp; Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959van Zanten, H. H. E., Meerburg, B. G., Bikker, P., Herrero, M., &amp; de Boer, I. J. M. (2016). Opinion paper: The role of livestock in a sustainable diet: a land-use perspective. Animal, 10(4), 547–549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002694Wirsenius, S., Azar, C., &amp; Berndes, G. (2010). How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030? Agricultural Systems, 103(9), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.005

CitationsClark, M., &amp; Tilman, D. (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, 12(6), 064016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5</a>Garrido, P., Edenius, L., Mikusiński, G., Skarin, A., Jansson, A., &amp; Thulin, C.-G. (2021). Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows. Ambio, 50(1), 101–112. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0</a>Smit, C., Ruifrok, J. L., van Klink, R., &amp; Olff, H. (2015). Rewilding with large herbivores: The importance of grazing refuges for sapling establishment and wood-pasture formation. Biological Conservation, 182, 134–142. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047</a>Tilman, D., &amp; Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959</a>van Zanten, H. H. E., Meerburg, B. G., Bikker, P., Herrero, M., &amp; de Boer, I. J. M. (2016). Opinion paper: The role of livestock in a sustainable diet: a land-use perspective. Animal, 10(4), 547–549. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002694" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002694</a>Wirsenius, S., Azar, C., &amp; Berndes, G. (2010). How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030? Agricultural Systems, 103(9), 621–638. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.005" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.005</a>

Are cattle using too much land?

CitationsBoulay, A.-M., Bare, J., Benini, L., Berger, M., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., Margni, M., Motoshita, M., Núñez, M., Pastor, A. V., Ridoutt, B., Oki, T., Worbe, S., &amp; Pfister, S. (2018). The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: Assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(2), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8Boulay, A.-M., Drastig, K., Amanullah, Chapagain, A., Charlon, V., Civit, B., DeCamillis, C., De Souza, M., Hess, T., Hoekstra, A. Y., Ibidhi, R., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., McAllister, T., Morales, R. A., Motoshita, M., Palhares, J. C. P., Pirlo, G., Ridoutt, B., … Pfister, S. (2021). Building consensus on water use assessment of livestock production systems and supply chains: Outcome and recommendations from the FAO LEAP Partnership. Ecological Indicators, 124, 107391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391Broom, D. M. (2019). Land and Water Usage in Beef Production Systems. Animals, 9(6), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060286Cabernard, L., &amp; Pfister, S. (2021). A highly resolved MRIO database for analyzing environmental footprints and Green Economy Progress. Science of The Total Environment, 755, 142587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142587Chenoweth, J., Hadjikakou, M., &amp; Zoumides, C. (2014). Quantifying the human impact on water resources: A critical review of the water footprint concept. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(6), 2325–2342. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Mekonnen, M. M., &amp; Hoekstra, A. Y. (2013). The water footprint of poultry, pork and beef: A comparative study in different countries and production systems. Water Resources and Industry, 1–2, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.03.001Legesse, G., Cordeiro, M. R. C., Ominski, K. H., Beauchemin, K. A., Kroebel, R., McGeough, E. J., Pogue, S., &amp; McAllister, T. A. (2018). Water use intensity of Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared to 2011. Science of The Total Environment, 619–620, 1030–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.194Lutter, S., Pfister, S., Giljum, S., Wieland, H., &amp; Mutel, C. (2016). Spatially explicit assessment of water embodied in European trade: A product-level multi-regional input-output analysis. Global Environmental Change, 38, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001Maré, F. A., Jordaan, H., &amp; Mekonnen, M. M. (2020). The Water Footprint of Primary Cow–Calf Production: A Revised Bottom-Up Approach Applied on Different Breeds of Beef Cattle. Water, 12(9), 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092325Ridoutt, B. G., &amp; Pfister, S. (2010). A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.08.003Ridoutt, B. G., Sanguansri, P., Freer, M., &amp; Harper, G. S. (2012). Water footprint of livestock: Comparison of six geographically defined beef production systems. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0346-yRodrigues Junior, U. J., &amp; Dziedzic, M. (2021). The water footprint of beef cattle in the amazon region, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 51(8), 20190294. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190294

CitationsBoulay, A.-M., Bare, J., Benini, L., Berger, M., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., Margni, M., Motoshita, M., Núñez, M., Pastor, A. V., Ridoutt, B., Oki, T., Worbe, S., &amp; Pfister, S. (2018). The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: Assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(2), 368–378. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8</a>Boulay, A.-M., Drastig, K., Amanullah, Chapagain, A., Charlon, V., Civit, B., DeCamillis, C., De Souza, M., Hess, T., Hoekstra, A. Y., Ibidhi, R., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., McAllister, T., Morales, R. A., Motoshita, M., Palhares, J. C. P., Pirlo, G., Ridoutt, B., … Pfister, S. (2021). Building consensus on water use assessment of livestock production systems and supply chains: Outcome and recommendations from the FAO LEAP Partnership. Ecological Indicators, 124, 107391. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391</a>Broom, D. M. (2019). Land and Water Usage in Beef Production Systems. Animals, 9(6), 286. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060286" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060286</a>Cabernard, L., &amp; Pfister, S. (2021). A highly resolved MRIO database for analyzing environmental footprints and Green Economy Progress. Science of The Total Environment, 755, 142587. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142587" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142587</a>Chenoweth, J., Hadjikakou, M., &amp; Zoumides, C. (2014). Quantifying the human impact on water resources: A critical review of the water footprint concept. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(6), 2325–2342. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014</a>Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Mekonnen, M. M., &amp; Hoekstra, A. Y. (2013). The water footprint of poultry, pork and beef: A comparative study in different countries and production systems. Water Resources and Industry, 1–2, 25–36. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.03.001" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.03.001</a>Legesse, G., Cordeiro, M. R. C., Ominski, K. H., Beauchemin, K. A., Kroebel, R., McGeough, E. J., Pogue, S., &amp; McAllister, T. A. (2018). Water use intensity of Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared to 2011. Science of The Total Environment, 619–620, 1030–1039. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.194" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.194</a>Lutter, S., Pfister, S., Giljum, S., Wieland, H., &amp; Mutel, C. (2016). Spatially explicit assessment of water embodied in European trade: A product-level multi-regional input-output analysis. Global Environmental Change, 38, 171–182. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001</a>Maré, F. A., Jordaan, H., &amp; Mekonnen, M. M. (2020). The Water Footprint of Primary Cow–Calf Production: A Revised Bottom-Up Approach Applied on Different Breeds of Beef Cattle. Water, 12(9), 2325. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092325" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092325</a>Ridoutt, B. G., &amp; Pfister, S. (2010). A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 113–120. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.08.003" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.08.003</a>Ridoutt, B. G., Sanguansri, P., Freer, M., &amp; Harper, G. S. (2012). Water footprint of livestock: Comparison of six geographically defined beef production systems. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(2), 165–175. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0346-y" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0346-y</a>Rodrigues Junior, U. J., &amp; Dziedzic, M. (2021). The water footprint of beef cattle in the amazon region, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 51(8), 20190294. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190294" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190294</a>

How much water does it take to make a burger?

Science-based information on beef, cattle, and their environmental impact.Check out our facebook page in the link below for more on our podcast!www.facebook.com/Cows.on.the.Planet

CitationsAgouridis, C. T., Workman, S. R., Warner, R. C., &amp; Jennings, G. D. (2005). LIVESTOCK GRAZING MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON STREAM WATER QUALITY: A REVIEW. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 41(3), 591–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03757.xBatchelor, J. L., Ripple, W. J., Wilson, T. M., &amp; Painter, L. E. (2015). Restoration of Riparian Areas Following the Removal of Cattle in the Northwestern Great Basin. Environmental Management, 55(4), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0436-2Gary, H. L., Johnson, S. R., &amp; Ponce, S. L. (n.d.). Cattle grazing impact on surface water quality in a Colorado Front Range stream. 5.Hubbard, R. K., Newton, G. L., &amp; Hill, G. M. (n.d.). Water quality and the grazing animal. 9.Parsons, C. T., Momont, P. A., &amp; Delcurto, T. (2003). Cattle distribution patterns and vegetation use in mountain riparian areas. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, 8.Powell, G. W., Cameron, K. J., &amp; Newman, R. F. (n.d.). Analysis of Livestock Use of Riparian Areas. 46.Roche, L. M., Kromschroeder, L., Atwill, E. R., Dahlgren, R. A., &amp; Tate, K. W. (2013). Water Quality Conditions Associated with Cattle Grazing and Recreation on National Forest Lands. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e68127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068127Willms, W. D., Kenzie, O. R., Mcallister, T. A., Colwell, D., Veira, D., Entz, T., &amp; Olson, M. E. (2002). Effects of water quality on cattle performance. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, 9.

CitationsAgouridis, C. T., Workman, S. R., Warner, R. C., &amp; Jennings, G. D. (2005). LIVESTOCK GRAZING MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON STREAM WATER QUALITY: A REVIEW. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 41(3), 591–606. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03757.x" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03757.x</a>Batchelor, J. L., Ripple, W. J., Wilson, T. M., &amp; Painter, L. E. (2015). Restoration of Riparian Areas Following the Removal of Cattle in the Northwestern Great Basin. Environmental Management, 55(4), 930–942. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0436-2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0436-2</a>Gary, H. L., Johnson, S. R., &amp; Ponce, S. L. (n.d.). Cattle grazing impact on surface water quality in a Colorado Front Range stream. 5.Hubbard, R. K., Newton, G. L., &amp; Hill, G. M. (n.d.). Water quality and the grazing animal. 9.Parsons, C. T., Momont, P. A., &amp; Delcurto, T. (2003). Cattle distribution patterns and vegetation use in mountain riparian areas. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, 8.Powell, G. W., Cameron, K. J., &amp; Newman, R. F. (n.d.). Analysis of Livestock Use of Riparian Areas. 46.Roche, L. M., Kromschroeder, L., Atwill, E. R., Dahlgren, R. A., &amp; Tate, K. W. (2013). Water Quality Conditions Associated with Cattle Grazing and Recreation on National Forest Lands. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e68127. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068127" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068127</a>Willms, W. D., Kenzie, O. R., Mcallister, T. A., Colwell, D., Veira, D., Entz, T., &amp; Olson, M. E. (2002). Effects of water quality on cattle performance. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, 9.

Can grazing cattle and fish happily co-exist?

This episode looks into how grazing cows help trees. To look into this topic we've invited Amanda Miller a rangeland ecologist.

Can grazing cattle help trees?

Join Dr. Andrew Pelling as he describes some of the challenges his lab is facing developing lab-grown meat.

Should meat be grown in a lab?

BibliographyBraman, S., Tenuta, M., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2016). Selected soil biological parameters measured in the 19th year of a long term organic-conventional comparison study in Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment, 233, 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.035Cicek, H., Martens, J. R. T., Bamford, K. C., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2015). Late-season catch crops reduce nitrate leaching risk after grazed green manures but release N slower than wheat demand. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment, 202, 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.007Entz, M. H., Baron, V. S., Carr, P. M., Meyer, D. W., Smith, S. R., &amp; McCaughey, W. P. (2002). Potential of Forages to Diversify Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains. AGRONOMY JOURNAL, 94, 11.Entz, M., &amp; Martens, J. T. (n.d.). Season-long Grazed Green Manure Systems Study. 17.Giller, K. E., Hijbeek, R., Andersson, J. A., &amp; Sumberg, J. (2021). Regenerative Agriculture: An agronomic perspective. Outlook on Agriculture, 50(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727021998063LaCanne, C. E., &amp; Lundgren, J. G. (2018). Regenerative agriculture: Merging farming and natural resource conservation profitably. PeerJ, 6, e4428. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4428Martens, J. R. T., Entz, M. H., &amp; Wonneck, M. D. (2015). Review: Redesigning Canadian prairie cropping systems for profitability, sustainability, and resilience. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95(6), 1049–1072. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-173Newton, P., Civita, N., Frankel-Goldwater, L., Bartel, K., &amp; Johns, C. (2020). What Is Regenerative Agriculture? A Review of Scholar and Practitioner Definitions Based on Processes and Outcomes. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 577723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.577723Russelle, M. P., Entz, M. H., &amp; Franzluebbers, A. J. (2007). Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America. Agronomy Journal, 99(2), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139Schreefel, L., Schulte, R. P. O., de Boer, I. J. M., Schrijver, A. P., &amp; van Zanten, H. H. E. (2020). Regenerative agriculture – the soil is the base. Global Food Security, 26, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100404Thiessen Martens, J., &amp; Entz, M. (2011). Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 91(5), 811–824. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps10177Thiessen Martens, J. R., Lynch, D. H., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2019). A survey of green manure productivity on dryland organic grain farms in the eastern prairie region of Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 99(5), 772–776. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0311

BibliographyBraman, S., Tenuta, M., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2016). Selected soil biological parameters measured in the 19th year of a long term organic-conventional comparison study in Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment, 233, 343–351. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.035" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.035</a>Cicek, H., Martens, J. R. T., Bamford, K. C., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2015). Late-season catch crops reduce nitrate leaching risk after grazed green manures but release N slower than wheat demand. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment, 202, 31–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.007" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.007</a>Entz, M. H., Baron, V. S., Carr, P. M., Meyer, D. W., Smith, S. R., &amp; McCaughey, W. P. (2002). Potential of Forages to Diversify Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains. AGRONOMY JOURNAL, 94, 11.Entz, M., &amp; Martens, J. T. (n.d.). Season-long Grazed Green Manure Systems Study. 17.Giller, K. E., Hijbeek, R., Andersson, J. A., &amp; Sumberg, J. (2021). Regenerative Agriculture: An agronomic perspective. Outlook on Agriculture, 50(1), 13–25. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727021998063" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727021998063</a>LaCanne, C. E., &amp; Lundgren, J. G. (2018). Regenerative agriculture: Merging farming and natural resource conservation profitably. PeerJ, 6, e4428. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4428" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4428</a>Martens, J. R. T., Entz, M. H., &amp; Wonneck, M. D. (2015). Review: Redesigning Canadian prairie cropping systems for profitability, sustainability, and resilience. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95(6), 1049–1072. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-173" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-173</a>Newton, P., Civita, N., Frankel-Goldwater, L., Bartel, K., &amp; Johns, C. (2020). What Is Regenerative Agriculture? A Review of Scholar and Practitioner Definitions Based on Processes and Outcomes. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 577723. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.577723" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.577723</a>Russelle, M. P., Entz, M. H., &amp; Franzluebbers, A. J. (2007). Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America. Agronomy Journal, 99(2), 325–334. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139</a>Schreefel, L., Schulte, R. P. O., de Boer, I. J. M., Schrijver, A. P., &amp; van Zanten, H. H. E. (2020). Regenerative agriculture – the soil is the base. Global Food Security, 26, 100404. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100404" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100404</a>Thiessen Martens, J., &amp; Entz, M. (2011). Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 91(5), 811–824. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps10177" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps10177</a>Thiessen Martens, J. R., Lynch, D. H., &amp; Entz, M. H. (2019). A survey of green manure productivity on dryland organic grain farms in the eastern prairie region of Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 99(5), 772–776. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0311" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0311</a>

Do cattle have a role in regenerative agriculture?

Join Dr. Benjamin Bohrer of Ohio State University as he discusses some of the challenges and easier aspects to meeting nutrient requirements on a vegan diet. Dr. Benjamin Bohrer can be reached on Twitter @b3nbohrer for further discussion!

How easy is it for a vegan to meet their nutrient requirements?

CitationsGalbraith, J., Rodas-González, A., López-Campos, Ó., Juárez, M., &amp; Aalhus, J. (2014). Bison meat: Characteristics, challenges, and opportunities. Animal Frontiers, 4(4), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2014-0036Kohl, M. T., Krausman, P. R., Kunkel, K., &amp; Williams, D. M. (2013). Bison Versus Cattle: Are They Ecologically Synonymous? Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management, 66(6), 721–731. https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00113.1Ranglack, D. H., Durham, S., &amp; Toit, J. T. (2015). EDITOR’S CHOICE: Competition on the range: science vs. perception in a bison–cattle conflict in the western USA. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(2), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12386Steuter, A., &amp; Hidinger, L. (1999). Comparative Ecology of Bison and Cattle on Mixed-Grass Prairie. 9, 15.Stoy, P. C., Cook, A. A., Dore, J. E., Kljun, N., Kleindl, W., Brookshire, E. N. J., &amp; Gerken, T. (2021). Methane efflux from an American bison herd. Biogeosciences, 18(3), 961–975. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-961-2021

CitationsGalbraith, J., Rodas-González, A., López-Campos, Ó., Juárez, M., &amp; Aalhus, J. (2014). Bison meat: Characteristics, challenges, and opportunities. Animal Frontiers, 4(4), 68–73. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2014-0036" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2014-0036</a>Kohl, M. T., Krausman, P. R., Kunkel, K., &amp; Williams, D. M. (2013). Bison Versus Cattle: Are They Ecologically Synonymous? Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management, 66(6), 721–731. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00113.1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00113.1</a>Ranglack, D. H., Durham, S., &amp; Toit, J. T. (2015). EDITOR’S CHOICE: Competition on the range: science vs. perception in a bison–cattle conflict in the western USA. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(2), 467–474. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12386" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12386</a>Steuter, A., &amp; Hidinger, L. (1999). Comparative Ecology of Bison and Cattle on Mixed-Grass Prairie. 9, 15.Stoy, P. C., Cook, A. A., Dore, J. E., Kljun, N., Kleindl, W., Brookshire, E. N. J., &amp; Gerken, T. (2021). Methane efflux from an American bison herd. Biogeosciences, 18(3), 961–975. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-961-2021" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-961-2021</a>

Should cattle be replaced with native species such as bison?”

Additional Music - Soviet March by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comCitationAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, &amp; Larney, F. J. (2018). Manure and compost management to maintain soil health. In D. Reicosky (Ed.), Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science (Vol. 2, pp. 229–246). Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.19103/AS.2017.0033.28Edmeades, D. C. (n.d.). The long-term effects of manures and fertilisers on soil productivity and quality: A review. 16.Geng, Y., Cao, G., Wang, L., &amp; Wang, S. (2019). Effects of equal chemical fertilizer substitutions with organic manure on yield, dry matter, and nitrogen uptake of spring maize and soil nitrogen distribution. PLOS ONE, 14(7), e0219512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219512Larney, F. J., &amp; Angers, D. A. (2012). The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 92(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-064Larney, F. J., Buckley, K. E., Hao, X., &amp; McCaughey, W. P. (2006). Fresh, Stockpiled, and Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure: Nutrient Levels and Mass Balance Estimates in Alberta and Manitoba. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(5), 1844–1854. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0440Larney, F. J., Hao, X., &amp; Topp, E. (2015). Manure Management. In J. L. Hatfield &amp; T. J. Sauer (Eds.), Soil Management: Building a Stable Base for Agriculture (pp. 245–263). Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2136/2011.soilmanagement.c16Larney, F. J., Pearson, D. C., Blackshaw, R., &amp; Lupwayi, N. Z. (2017). Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. Conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, CJSS-2016-0141. https://doi.org/10.1139/CJSS-2016-0141Larney, F. J., Sullivan, D. M., Buckley, K. E., &amp; Eghball, B. (2006). The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86(4), 597–611. https://doi.org/10.4141/S05-116Maillard, É., &amp; Angers, D. A. (2014). Animal manure application and soil organic carbon stocks: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 20(2), 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12438Miner, G. L., Delgado, J. A., Ippolito, J. A., Stewart, C. E., Manter, D. K., Del Grosso, S. J., Floyd, B. A., &amp; D’Adamo, R. E. (2020). Assessing manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilization impacts on soil health, crop productivity, and crop quality in a continuous maize agroecosystem. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 75(4), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2020.00148Ozlu, E., Sandhu, S. S., Kumar, S., &amp; Arriaga, F. J. (2019). Soil health indicators impacted by long-term cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application in a corn-soybean rotation of South Dakota. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11776. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48207-zRayne, N., &amp; Aula, L. (2020). Livestock Manure and the Impacts on Soil Health: A Review. Soil Systems, 4(4), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040064Xia, L., Lam, S. K., Yan, X., &amp; Chen, D. (2017). How Does Recycling of Livestock Manure in Agroecosystems Affect Crop Productivity, Reactive Nitrogen Losses, and Soil Carbon Balance? Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 51(13), 7450–7457. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06470Zhong, W., Gu, T., Wang, W., Zhang, B., Lin, X., Huang, Q., &amp; Shen, W. (2010). The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity. Plant and Soil, 326(1–2), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9988-y

Additional Music - Soviet March by Shane Ivers - <a href="https://www.silvermansound.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.silvermansound.com</a>Citation Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, &amp; Larney, F. J. (2018). Manure and compost management to maintain soil health. In D. Reicosky (Ed.), Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science (Vol. 2, pp. 229–246). Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.19103/AS.2017.0033.28" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.19103/AS.2017.0033.28</a>Edmeades, D. C. (n.d.). The long-term effects of manures and fertilisers on soil productivity and quality: A review. 16.Geng, Y., Cao, G., Wang, L., &amp; Wang, S. (2019). Effects of equal chemical fertilizer substitutions with organic manure on yield, dry matter, and nitrogen uptake of spring maize and soil nitrogen distribution. PLOS ONE, 14(7), e0219512. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219512" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219512</a>Larney, F. J., &amp; Angers, D. A. (2012). The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 92(1), 19–38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-064" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-064</a>Larney, F. J., Buckley, K. E., Hao, X., &amp; McCaughey, W. P. (2006). Fresh, Stockpiled, and Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure: Nutrient Levels and Mass Balance Estimates in Alberta and Manitoba. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(5), 1844–1854. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0440" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0440</a>Larney, F. J., Hao, X., &amp; Topp, E. (2015). Manure Management. In J. L. Hatfield &amp; T. J. Sauer (Eds.), Soil Management: Building a Stable Base for Agriculture (pp. 245–263). Soil Science Society of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2136/2011.soilmanagement.c16" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2136/2011.soilmanagement.c16</a>Larney, F. J., Pearson, D. C., Blackshaw, R., &amp; Lupwayi, N. Z. (2017). Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. Conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, CJSS-2016-0141. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/CJSS-2016-0141" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1139/CJSS-2016-0141</a>Larney, F. J., Sullivan, D. M., Buckley, K. E., &amp; Eghball, B. (2006). The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86(4), 597–611. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4141/S05-116" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4141/S05-116</a>Maillard, É., &amp; Angers, D. A. (2014). Animal manure application and soil organic carbon stocks: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 20(2), 666–679. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12438" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12438</a>Miner, G. L., Delgado, J. A., Ippolito, J. A., Stewart, C. E., Manter, D. K., Del Grosso, S. J., Floyd, B. A., &amp; D’Adamo, R. E. (2020). Assessing manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilization impacts on soil health, crop productivity, and crop quality in a continuous maize agroecosystem. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 75(4), 481–498. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2020.00148" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2020.00148</a>Ozlu, E., Sandhu, S. S., Kumar, S., &amp; Arriaga, F. J. (2019). Soil health indicators impacted by long-term cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application in a corn-soybean rotation of South Dakota. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11776. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48207-z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48207-z</a>Rayne, N., &amp; Aula, L. (2020). Livestock Manure and the Impacts on Soil Health: A Review. Soil Systems, 4(4), 64. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040064" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040064</a>Xia, L., Lam, S. K., Yan, X., &amp; Chen, D. (2017). How Does Recycling of Livestock Manure in Agroecosystems Affect Crop Productivity, Reactive Nitrogen Losses, and Soil Carbon Balance? Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 51(13), 7450–7457. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06470" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06470</a>Zhong, W., Gu, T., Wang, W., Zhang, B., Lin, X., Huang, Q., &amp; Shen, W. (2010). The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity. Plant and Soil, 326(1–2), 511–522. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9988-y" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9988-y</a>

Manure vs chemical fertilizer, which is better for soil health?

Join Dr. Tim McAllister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as he discusses "super-bugs", antibiotic use by cattle, and his work comparing antimicrobial resistance in cattle and people.

Is antimicrobial resistance in cattle harming people?”

CitationDou, Z., Toth, J. D., &amp; Westendorf, M. L. (2018). Food waste for livestock feeding: Feasibility, safety, and sustainability implications. Global Food Security, 17, 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.12.003Forwood, D. L., Hooker, K., Caro, E., Huo, Y., Holman, D., Chaves, A. V., &amp; Meale, S. J. (2020). Ensiling Unsalable Vegetables with Crop Sorghum to Produce High Quality Feed. Proceedings, 36(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036113Forwood, D. L., Holman, B. W. B., Hopkins, D. L., Smyth, H. E., Hoffman, L. C., Chaves, A. V., &amp; Meale, S. J. (2021). Feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs increased performance and carcass characteristics while maintaining meat quality. Meat Science, 173, 108402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108402Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., &amp; Gerber, P. (2017). Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Global Food Security, 14, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001Ominski, K., McAllister, T., Stanford, K., Mengistu, G., Kebebe, E. G., Omonijo, F., Cordeiro, M., Legesse, G., &amp; Wittenberg, K. (2021). Utilization of by-products and food waste in livestock production systems: A Canadian perspective. Animal Frontiers, 11(2), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab004Shurson, G. C. (2020). “What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises? Sustainability, 12(17), 7071. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177071

CitationDou, Z., Toth, J. D., &amp; Westendorf, M. L. (2018). Food waste for livestock feeding: Feasibility, safety, and sustainability implications. Global Food Security, 17, 154–161. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.12.003" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.12.003</a>Forwood, D. L., Hooker, K., Caro, E., Huo, Y., Holman, D., Chaves, A. V., &amp; Meale, S. J. (2020). Ensiling Unsalable Vegetables with Crop Sorghum to Produce High Quality Feed. Proceedings, 36(1), 113. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036113" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036113</a>Forwood, D. L., Holman, B. W. B., Hopkins, D. L., Smyth, H. E., Hoffman, L. C., Chaves, A. V., &amp; Meale, S. J. (2021). Feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs increased performance and carcass characteristics while maintaining meat quality. Meat Science, 173, 108402. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108402" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108402</a>Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., &amp; Gerber, P. (2017). Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Global Food Security, 14, 1–8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001</a>Ominski, K., McAllister, T., Stanford, K., Mengistu, G., Kebebe, E. G., Omonijo, F., Cordeiro, M., Legesse, G., &amp; Wittenberg, K. (2021). Utilization of by-products and food waste in livestock production systems: A Canadian perspective. Animal Frontiers, 11(2), 55–63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab004" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab004</a>Shurson, G. C. (2020). “What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises? Sustainability, 12(17), 7071. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177071" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177071</a>

Are cows wasting human food or eating food waste?

CitationCallaway, T. R., Carroll, J. A., Arthington, J. D., Edrington, T. S., Anderson, R. C., Rossman, M. L., Carr, M. A., Genovese, K. J., Ricke, S. C., Crandall, P., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2011). Orange Peel Products Can Reduce Salmonella Populations in Ruminants. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(10), 1071–1075. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2011.0867Callaway, T. R., Edrington, T. S., Loneragan, G. H., Carr, M. A., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (n.d.). Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Ecology in Cattle and Management Based Options for Reducing Fecal Shedding. 31.Callaway, T. R., Edrington, T. S., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2014). MEAT SCIENCE AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Ecological and dietary impactors of foodborne pathogens and methods to reduce fecal shedding in cattle1,2. Journal of Animal Science, 92(4), 1356–1365. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7308Escarcha, J. F., Callaway, T. R., Byrd, J. A., Miller, D. N., Edrington, T. S., Anderson, R. C., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2012). Effects of Dietary Alfalfa Inclusion on Salmonella Typhimurium Populations in Growing Layer Chicks. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 9(10), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1251Munns, K. D., Selinger, L. B., Stanford, K., Guan, L., Callaway, T. R., &amp; McAllister, T. A. (2015). Perspectives on Super-Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Cattle. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 12(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1829Sapountzis, P., Segura, A., Desvaux, M., &amp; Forano, E. (2020). An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms, 8(6), 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060877World Health Organization &amp; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2016). Interventions for the control of non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. in beef and pork: Meeting report and systematic review. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/249529

CitationCallaway, T. R., Carroll, J. A., Arthington, J. D., Edrington, T. S., Anderson, R. C., Rossman, M. L., Carr, M. A., Genovese, K. J., Ricke, S. C., Crandall, P., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2011). Orange Peel Products Can Reduce Salmonella Populations in Ruminants. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(10), 1071–1075. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2011.0867" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2011.0867</a>Callaway, T. R., Edrington, T. S., Loneragan, G. H., Carr, M. A., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (n.d.). Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Ecology in Cattle and Management Based Options for Reducing Fecal Shedding. 31.Callaway, T. R., Edrington, T. S., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2014). MEAT SCIENCE AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Ecological and dietary impactors of foodborne pathogens and methods to reduce fecal shedding in cattle1,2. Journal of Animal Science, 92(4), 1356–1365. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7308" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7308</a>Escarcha, J. F., Callaway, T. R., Byrd, J. A., Miller, D. N., Edrington, T. S., Anderson, R. C., &amp; Nisbet, D. J. (2012). Effects of Dietary Alfalfa Inclusion on Salmonella Typhimurium Populations in Growing Layer Chicks. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 9(10), 945–951. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1251" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1251</a>Munns, K. D., Selinger, L. B., Stanford, K., Guan, L., Callaway, T. R., &amp; McAllister, T. A. (2015). Perspectives on Super-Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Cattle. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 12(2), 89–103. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1829" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1829</a>Sapountzis, P., Segura, A., Desvaux, M., &amp; Forano, E. (2020). An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms, 8(6), 877. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060877" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060877</a>World Health Organization &amp; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2016). Interventions for the control of non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. in beef and pork: Meeting report and systematic review. World Health Organization. <a href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/249529" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/249529</a>

Can we make beef safer and prevent food-borne disease?

Science-based information on beef, cattle, and their environmental impact. Check out our facebook page in the link below for more on our podcast! <a href="http://www.facebook.com/Cows.on.the.Planet" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/Cows.on.the.Planet</a>

Cows on the Planet

The best podcast episodes on parenting. Interviewing experts and talking through common issues surrounding parenting. This topic is filled with important lessons and insights for anyone listening. Add episodes you're interested into your queue below!

OwlTail

Best Parenting Podcasts

The best podcast episodes of the most interesting stories and things. From skyping someone while they're in space, to tracking down and meeting a telephone scammer in person, to the story of a Galapagos. These episodes will keep you and all your friends entertained and captivated for hours. Learn something new in every episode! Add episodes you're interested into your queue below!