On January 17th, 1991, Operation Desert Storm begins. As President Bush braces for high casualties, Saddam Hussein desperately seeks a path to survival. In Baghdad, Coalition air forces rain hell on Iraqi soldiers and civilians alike, while American diplomats scramble to defuse a potential crisis in Israel. US infantrymen come face-to-face with the fourth largest army in the world…with surprising results. As oil wells burn and journalists jockey for access, the war reaches a bloody climax at the “Highway of Death”. SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Baudrillard, Jean. The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. 1991. Bergen, Peter L. The Rise and Fall of Osama bin Laden. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. DeGhett, Torie Rose. “The War Photo No One Would Publish”. 8.8.2014.Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Engel, Jeffrey A. When the World Seemed New. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. “The Gulf War” / FRONTLINE. PBS. Jan 9, 1996.Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999.Jarecke, Kenneth. Cervenka, Exene. Just Another War. 1991.  Lockwood, Stuart. 2015 June 5. “That’s Me In The Picture”. The Guardian.MacArthur, John R. Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the 1991 Gulf War. 1992. Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Woodward, Bob. 1991, May 4. “Regal Audience for a Forceful Presence”. The Washington PostWyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On January 17th, 1991, Operation Desert Storm begins. As President Bush braces for high casualties, Saddam Hussein desperately seeks a path to survival. In Baghdad, Coalition air forces rain hell on Iraqi soldiers and civilians alike, while American diplomats scramble to defuse a potential crisis in Israel. US infantrymen come face-to-face with the fourth largest army in the world…with surprising results. As oil wells burn and journalists jockey for access, the war reaches a bloody climax at the “Highway of Death”.  SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Baudrillard, Jean. The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. 1991. Bergen, Peter L. The Rise and Fall of Osama bin Laden. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. DeGhett, Torie Rose. “The War Photo No One Would Publish”. 8.8.2014.Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Engel, Jeffrey A. When the World Seemed New. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. “The Gulf War” / FRONTLINE. PBS. Jan 9, 1996.Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999.Jarecke, Kenneth. Cervenka, Exene. Just Another War. 1991.  Lockwood, Stuart. 2015 June 5. “That’s Me In The Picture”. The Guardian.MacArthur, John R. Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the 1991 Gulf War. 1992. Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Woodward, Bob. 1991, May 4. “Regal Audience for a Forceful Presence”. The Washington PostWyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Gulf War 1991 – Part 3: Land of Darkness

If you’re a fan of Conflicted, we think you’ll enjoy this special featured episode of The French History Podcast. In this episode, host Dr. Gary Girod breaks down what really happened at the Battle of Poitiers, one of the largest battles in early Medieval Western Europe. But was it the cataclysm so many people think it was?  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

If you’re a fan of Conflicted, we think you’ll enjoy this special featured episode of The French History Podcast. In this episode, host Dr. Gary Girod breaks down what really happened at the Battle of Poitiers, one of the largest battles in early Medieval Western Europe. But was it the cataclysm so many people think it was?  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Introducing: The French History Podcast - “The Battle of Poitiers 732” 

As the Iraqi army digs into Kuwait, the world considers how to respond to Saddam Hussein’s breach of national sovereignty. President George H.W. Bush vows that the aggression “will not stand” and begins assembling an international coalition to force a withdrawal. Invited into Saudi Arabia, the recently reformed American military prepares for an eventual confrontation with Iraq’s battle-hardened forces. Meanwhile, a hostage crisis unfolds and a domestic debate threatens to fracture Bush’s Coalition. SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Baudrillard, Jean. The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. 1991. Bergen, Peter L. The Rise and Fall of Osama bin Laden. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Engel, Jeffrey A. When the World Seemed New. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. “The Gulf War” / FRONTLINE. PBS. Jan 9, 1996.Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999. Lockwood, Stuart. 2015 June 5. “That’s Me In The Picture”. The Guardian.Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Woodward, Bob. 1991, May 4. “Regal Audience for a Forceful Presence”. The Washington PostWyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the Iraqi army digs into Kuwait, the world considers how to respond to Saddam Hussein’s breach of national sovereignty. President George H.W. Bush vows that the aggression “will not stand” and begins assembling an international coalition to force a withdrawal. Invited into Saudi Arabia, the recently reformed American military prepares for an eventual confrontation with Iraq’s battle-hardened forces. Meanwhile, a hostage crisis unfolds and a domestic debate threatens to fracture Bush’s Coalition.  SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Baudrillard, Jean. The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. 1991. Bergen, Peter L. The Rise and Fall of Osama bin Laden. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Engel, Jeffrey A. When the World Seemed New. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. “The Gulf War” / FRONTLINE. PBS. Jan 9, 1996.Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999. Lockwood, Stuart. 2015 June 5. “That’s Me In The Picture”. The Guardian.Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Woodward, Bob. 1991, May 4. “Regal Audience for a Forceful Presence”. The Washington PostWyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Gulf War 1991 – Part 2: The Storm

On August 2, 1990, Saddam Hussein invaded the tiny emirate of Kuwait. The resulting conflict triggered a chain reaction that changed the world. In this first installment in a three-part series, we trace the origins of the Kuwait crisis, chronicle Saddam’s rise to power in Iraq, and explore America’s symbiotic relationship with the Persian Gulf. SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999. Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Wyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On August 2, 1990, Saddam Hussein invaded the tiny emirate of Kuwait. The resulting conflict triggered a chain reaction that changed the world. In this first installment in a three-part series, we trace the origins of the Kuwait crisis, chronicle Saddam’s rise to power in Iraq, and explore America’s symbiotic relationship with the Persian Gulf.  SOURCES:Aburish, Said K. Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge. 2000.Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Gulf War. 1993.Al-Radi, Nuha. Baghdad Diaries. 1998.Charles Rivers Editors. The Gulf War. 2018.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars. 2004.Coll, Steve. Branigin, William. “US scrambled to shape view of ‘Highway of Death’”. 3.11.1991.Corrigan, Jim. Desert Storm Air War. 2017.Coughlin, Con. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. 2005. Dunnigan, James F. Macedonia, Raymond M. Getting It Right. 1995. Finlan, Alastair. The Gulf War 1991. 2003. Gordon, Michael R. Trainer, Bernard E. The General’s War. 1995. Hallion, Richard P. Desert Storm 1991. 2022. Hiro, Dilip. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1991. Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. 2018.Karsh, Efraim. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. 1989.Karsh, Efraim. Rautsi, Inari. Saddam Hussein. A Political Biography. 1991.Khadduri, Majid. Ghareeb, Edmund. War in the Gulf, 1990-1991. 1999. Mufson, Steven. 1990 Aug 6. “Kuwait Assets Form Vast, Frozen Empire”. The Washington Post.Murray, Williamson. Woods, Kevin M. The Iran-Iraq War. 2014.Meacham, Jon. Destiny and Power. 2015.Morris, David J. Storm on the Horizon. 2004. Riedel, Bruce. Kings and Presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States. 2019.Swofford, Anthony. Jarhead. 2003. Wyndham, Buck. Hogs in the Sand. 2020.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Gulf War 1991 – Part 1: Lines in the Sand

Where does the two-day weekend come from? In this standalone episode of Conflicted, we trace the historical trajectory of that oasis of leisure and free time we call “the weekend”.  From its mystical beginnings in the religions of antiquity to its hard-fought development in Gilded Age America, we’ll untangle the surprising origins of everyone’s favorite part of the week. SOURCES:Hunnicutt, Benjamin. Free Time: The Forgotten American Dream. 2013.Onstad, Katrina. The Weekend Effect. 2017. Loomis, Erik. A History of America in Ten Strikes. 2018.Murolo, Priscilla. Chitty, A.B. From the Folks Who Brought You the Weekend. 2001.Green, James. Death in Haymarket. 2006. Brecher, Jeremy. STRIKE! 1972. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. 1980.Thomas, Gordan. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979.BBC. (2019, September 5). Who invented the weekend? BBC Bitesize.Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. “Presidential Speeches: Downloadable Data.” Accessed Feb 19, 2023. data.millercenter.org Captivating History. The Industrial Revolution. 2020. Grossman, Jonathan. “Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage.” Monthly Labor Review 101, no. 6 (1978): 22–30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41840777. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Where does the two-day weekend come from? In this standalone episode of Conflicted, we trace the historical trajectory of that oasis of leisure and free time we call “the weekend”.  From its mystical beginnings in the religions of antiquity to its hard-fought development in Gilded Age America, we’ll untangle the surprising origins of everyone’s favorite part of the week.  SOURCES:Hunnicutt, Benjamin. Free Time: The Forgotten American Dream. 2013.Onstad, Katrina. The Weekend Effect. 2017. Loomis, Erik. A History of America in Ten Strikes. 2018.Murolo, Priscilla. Chitty, A.B. From the Folks Who Brought You the Weekend. 2001.Green, James. Death in Haymarket. 2006. Brecher, Jeremy. STRIKE! 1972. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. 1980.Thomas, Gordan. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979.BBC. (2019, September 5). Who invented the weekend? BBC Bitesize.Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. “Presidential Speeches: Downloadable Data.” Accessed Feb 19, 2023. <a href="http://data.millercenter.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">data.millercenter.org</a> Captivating History. The Industrial Revolution. 2020. Grossman, Jonathan. “Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage.” Monthly Labor Review 101, no. 6 (1978): 22–30. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41840777" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.jstor.org/stable/41840777</a>. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

40 Hours to Freedom: The Invention of the Weekend

As a plot to assassinate Mohandas Gandhi unfolds, the Mahatma goes to existential lengths to reconcile India’s Hindu, Sikh and Muslim communities. Meanwhile, a shadow war erupts between India and Pakistan over the picturesque kingdom of Kashmir, threatening the future of both nations. Jawaharlal Nehru bids farewell to friends, a lover, and the innocence of the nation he must now lead. A dying Muhammed Ali Jinnah reflects on his choices. Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Collins, Larry; Lapierre, Dominique. Freedom at Midnight. 1975. Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950. Kidwai, Anis. In Freedom’s Shade. 2011. Saxena, Chandni. “ON RELIGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON WOMEN DURING PARTITION OF INDIA.” 2014. “India: A People Partitioned” Broadcast on the BBC World Service, 1997. Compiled and presented by Andrew Whitehead, producer Zina Rohan Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As a plot to assassinate Mohandas Gandhi unfolds, the Mahatma goes to existential lengths to reconcile India’s Hindu, Sikh and Muslim communities. Meanwhile, a shadow war erupts between India and Pakistan over the picturesque kingdom of Kashmir, threatening the future of both nations. Jawaharlal Nehru bids farewell to friends, a lover, and the innocence of the nation he must now lead. A dying Muhammed Ali Jinnah reflects on his choices.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Collins, Larry; Lapierre, Dominique. Freedom at Midnight. 1975. Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950. Kidwai, Anis. In Freedom’s Shade. 2011. Saxena, Chandni. “ON RELIGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON WOMEN DURING PARTITION OF INDIA.” 2014. “India: A People Partitioned” Broadcast on the BBC World Service, 1997. Compiled and presented by Andrew Whitehead, producer Zina Rohan Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 6: The Spent Bullet

The “chief sufferers” of Partition, according to Mohandas Gandhi, were women. As the subcontinent descended into chaos, women of all three religious communities become prime targets in the war for honor and land. Across the Punjab, tens of thousands of women and girls were assaulted, abducted and trafficked across the border. In response, the governments of India and ­Pakistan worked together to recover them – with mixed, and tragic, results. Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950. Kidwai, Anis. In Freedom’s Shade. 2011. Saxena, Chandni. “ON RELIGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON WOMEN DURING PARTITION OF INDIA.” 2014. “India: A People Partitioned” Broadcast on the BBC World Service, 1997. Compiled and presented by Andrew Whitehead, producer Zina Rohan Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The “chief sufferers” of Partition, according to Mohandas Gandhi, were women. As the subcontinent descended into chaos, women of all three religious communities become prime targets in the war for honor and land. Across the Punjab, tens of thousands of women and girls were assaulted, abducted and trafficked across the border. In response, the governments of India and ­Pakistan worked together to recover them – with mixed, and tragic, results.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950. Kidwai, Anis. In Freedom’s Shade. 2011. Saxena, Chandni. “ON RELIGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON WOMEN DURING PARTITION OF INDIA.” 2014. “India: A People Partitioned” Broadcast on the BBC World Service, 1997. Compiled and presented by Andrew Whitehead, producer Zina Rohan Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 5: A Crisis Made Flesh

As Partition finally becomes reality in August 1947, the new boundary sparks a mass migration in the Punjab and Bengal. Atrocity and ethnic cleansing soon follow. The Sikhs, a long-ignored but well-armed religious minority, mobilize to stake their claim. Edwina Mountbatten and Jawaharlal Nehru plunge into the fray, desperate to assuage a refugee crisis in the city of Delhi. Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As Partition finally becomes reality in August 1947, the new boundary sparks a mass migration in the Punjab and Bengal. Atrocity and ethnic cleansing soon follow. The Sikhs, a long-ignored but well-armed religious minority, mobilize to stake their claim. Edwina Mountbatten and Jawaharlal Nehru plunge into the fray, desperate to assuage a refugee crisis in the city of Delhi.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 4: Unholy Rush

It’s 1947. After many long years of struggle, India is about to gain its independence from the British Empire. But freedom will come at a cost. To facilitate the handover of power, the Crown sends Lord Louis Mountbatten – the last Viceroy – to hammer out a deal between the competing political factions. Muhammed Ali Jinnah battles his terminal illness and uncovers a shocking secret. Jawaharlal Nehru falls for a captivating woman. And all the while, India’s Muslim and Hindu communities prepare for a bloody civil war.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s 1947. After many long years of struggle, India is about to gain its independence from the British Empire. But freedom will come at a cost. To facilitate the handover of power, the Crown sends Lord Louis Mountbatten – the last Viceroy – to hammer out a deal between the competing political factions. Muhammed Ali Jinnah battles his terminal illness and uncovers a shocking secret. Jawaharlal Nehru falls for a captivating woman. And all the while, India’s Muslim and Hindu communities prepare for a bloody civil war.   Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 3: A Tryst With Destiny

As the British Raj crumbles, old animosities begin to stir in the subcontinent’s communities. Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru face a formidable new adversary in the form of Muhammed Ali Jinnah, who calls for the creation of a separate Muslim nation - Pakistan. Hindu-Muslim tensions, fueled by political polarization and corrosive rhetoric, explode into sectarian violence during the Great Calcutta Killing of August 1946. Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the British Raj crumbles, old animosities begin to stir in the subcontinent’s communities. Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru face a formidable new adversary in the form of Muhammed Ali Jinnah, who calls for the creation of a separate Muslim nation - Pakistan. Hindu-Muslim tensions, fueled by political polarization and corrosive rhetoric, explode into sectarian violence during the Great Calcutta Killing of August 1946.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 2: Two Blind Eyes

Untangling history’s greatest controversies. Every month, we take a hard look at the historical conflicts that raise difficult questions, stoke controversy, and send our moral compasses spinning.

In the summer of 1947, the British Raj relinquished its hold over the Indian subcontinent. In its wake, two new nations were created: India and Pakistan. The hastily-drawn border between the countries slashed through communities and bisected entire provinces, triggering one of the largest forced migrations in human history. In the first episode of a multi-part series, we examine the twilight years of the British in India, as well as the forceful personalities who helped loosen its colonial grip. From Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru to the elegant Earl of Mountbatten, we’ll begin assembling the cast that that will be forced to grapple with the looming crisis. Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the summer of 1947, the British Raj relinquished its hold over the Indian subcontinent. In its wake, two new nations were created: India and Pakistan. The hastily-drawn border between the countries slashed through communities and bisected entire provinces, triggering one of the largest forced migrations in human history. In the first episode of a multi-part series, we examine the twilight years of the British in India, as well as the forceful personalities who helped loosen its colonial grip. From Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru to the elegant Earl of Mountbatten, we’ll begin assembling the cast that that will be forced to grapple with the looming crisis.  Sources:Akbar, M.J. Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan. 2011.Tharoor, Shashi. Nehru: The Invention of India. 2003.Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What The British Did To India. 2017.Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. 2007.Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi: The Years That Changed The World. 2018.Sarila, Narendra Singh. The Shadow of the Great Game. 2005.Charles Rivers Editors. The Punjab. 2018.Charles Rivers Editors. British India. 2017.Puri, Kavita. Partition Voices: Untold British Stories. 2019.Malhotra, Aanchal. Remnants of Partition: 21 Objects From A Continent Divided. 2017.Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer. 2007.Zakaria, Anam. The Footprints of Partition. 2015.Ahmed Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity. 1997.Urvashi, Butalia. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. 1998.White-Spunner, Barney. Partition. 2017.Lawrence, James. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997.Hamdani, Yasser Latif. Jinnah: A Life. 2020.Fischer, Louis. Gandhi. 1950.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Partition of India – Part 1: End of Empire

On September 1st, 1983, a South Korean commercial airliner inexplicably drifted 200 miles off course into restricted Soviet airspace. In response, a Soviet fighter plane intercepted the aircraft, fired two missiles, and shot it down, killing all 269 people on board. In this standalone episode, we examine one of the most enduring outrages of the Cold War, a mystery that baffled investigators and inflamed political animus for more than a decade. SOURCES:Degani, Asaf. Taming HAL: Designing Interfaces Beyond 2001. Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A World History. 2017.Service, Robert. The End of the Cold War. 2015.Downing, Taylor. 1983: Reagan, Andropov, And A World On The Brink. 2018.Dobbs, Michael. Down With Big Brother. 1997. Hersh, Seymour. The Target Is Destroyed. 1986. Dallin, Alexander. Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers. 1985.https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/digitallibrary/dailydiary/1982-09.pdf Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On September 1st, 1983, a South Korean commercial airliner inexplicably drifted 200 miles off course into restricted Soviet airspace. In response, a Soviet fighter plane intercepted the aircraft, fired two missiles, and shot it down, killing all 269 people on board. In this standalone episode, we examine one of the most enduring outrages of the Cold War, a mystery that baffled investigators and inflamed political animus for more than a decade.  SOURCES:Degani, Asaf. Taming HAL: Designing Interfaces Beyond 2001. Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A World History. 2017.Service, Robert. The End of the Cold War. 2015.Downing, Taylor. 1983: Reagan, Andropov, And A World On The Brink. 2018.Dobbs, Michael. Down With Big Brother. 1997. Hersh, Seymour. The Target Is Destroyed. 1986. Dallin, Alexander. Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers. 1985.<a href="https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/digitallibrary/dailydiary/1982-09.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/digitallibrary/dailydiary/1982-09.pdf</a> Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Human Error: The Destruction of KAL Flight 007

After weeks of uncertainty and fear, the Great Crash finally arrives on October 24th, 1929. While America’s financial infrastructure burns, Jesse Livermore makes $100 million in a single week. Wall Street’s great cheerleader, Sunshine Charlie Mitchell, schemes and maneuvers to puff up the bull market and preserve his legacy. Amidst the wreckage of the Great Depression, a scrappy immigrant lawyer named Ferdinand Pecora leads a Federal investigation into Sunshine Charlie and National City Bank that shakes the very bedrock of American financial law.   SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. 1931Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After weeks of uncertainty and fear, the Great Crash finally arrives on October 24th, 1929. While America’s financial infrastructure burns, Jesse Livermore makes $100 million in a single week. Wall Street’s great cheerleader, Sunshine Charlie Mitchell, schemes and maneuvers to puff up the bull market and preserve his legacy. Amidst the wreckage of the Great Depression, a scrappy immigrant lawyer named Ferdinand Pecora leads a Federal investigation into Sunshine Charlie and National City Bank that shakes the very bedrock of American financial law.    SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. 1931Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 – Part 3: The Music Stops 

In this special featured episode of History Daily, host Lindsay Graham gives an atmospheric retelling of the events of December 2nd, 1956. On that day, the communist revolutionary Fidel Castro launched the Cuban Revolution.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this special featured episode of History Daily, host Lindsay Graham gives an atmospheric retelling of the events of December 2nd, 1956. On that day, the communist revolutionary Fidel Castro launched the Cuban Revolution.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

History Daily (Special Featured Podcast): “The Start of the Cuban Revolution”

As economic disaster looms in the Fall of ‘29, the American public is blissfully unaware, entranced by stratospheric share prices and the sunny proclamations of Wall Street cheerleaders. Jesse Livermore, the infamous “Boy Trader”, follows his hunches and prepares for the coming catastrophe. The Federal Reserve, rudderless and impotent after the untimely death of its leader Ben Strong, sits on its hands. “Sunshine” Charlie Mitchell, chief executive of the country’s largest bank, injects fresh life into the boom as the stock market bubble inflates to dangerous heights of make-believe. SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. 1931Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As economic disaster looms in the Fall of ‘29, the American public is blissfully unaware, entranced by stratospheric share prices and the sunny proclamations of Wall Street cheerleaders. Jesse Livermore, the infamous “Boy Trader”, follows his hunches and prepares for the coming catastrophe. The Federal Reserve, rudderless and impotent after the untimely death of its leader Ben Strong, sits on its hands. “Sunshine” Charlie Mitchell, chief executive of the country’s largest bank, injects fresh life into the boom as the stock market bubble inflates to dangerous heights of make-believe.  SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. 1931Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 – Part 2: Age of Illusion

One of the worst financial disasters in history unfolded on Wall Street in late October of 1929. Within a week, 30 billion dollars had disappeared into thin air, leaving the global economy in tatters and heralding the beginning of a worldwide Depression. But what exactly happened? And why? In Part 1 of this 3-Part series on the Wall Street Crash of 1929, we discover how the American public became fatally infatuated with the stock market during the “Roaring 20’s”; and how one debauched day trader – Jesse Livermore – saw the whole thing coming. SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

One of the worst financial disasters in history unfolded on Wall Street in late October of 1929. Within a week, 30 billion dollars had disappeared into thin air, leaving the global economy in tatters and heralding the beginning of a worldwide Depression. But what exactly happened? And why? In Part 1 of this 3-Part series on the Wall Street Crash of 1929, we discover how the American public became fatally infatuated with the stock market during the “Roaring 20’s”; and how one debauched day trader – Jesse Livermore – saw the whole thing coming.  SOURCES:Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. 2009.Blumenthal, Karen. Six Days in October. 2002. Charles Rivers Editors. Jesse Livermore. 2021.Charles Rivers Editors. Wall Street. 2020.Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. 1955.Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Short History of Financial Euphoria. 1990.Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History. 1997.Klein, Maury. Rainbow’s End. 2001. Morris, Charles R. A Rabble of Dead Money. 2017.Nations, Scott. A History of the United States in Five Crashes. 2017.Parker, Selwyn. The Great Crash. 2008.Perino, Michael. The Hellhound of Wall Street. 2010.Rubython, Tom. Jesse Livermore: Boy Plunger. 2016.Thomas, Gordon. Morgan-Witts, Max. The Day the Bubble Burst. 1979. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 – Part 1: To The Moon!

Some revere it as an art form, others revile it as a blood sport, but no matter where you stand, few traditions stir up strong emotions quite like the centuries-old ritual of bullfighting. Born in the villages of rural Spain, refined in the crowded arenas of Seville, and fetishized by wandering aficionados like Ernest Hemingway, the “corrida de toros” holds a special place not only in Spanish cultural life but in human history. Beneath the pomp and pageantry, will we find senseless animal cruelty? Or a transcendent reflection on the human condition? SOURCES:Bailey, C. (2007). “Africa Begins at the Pyrenees”: Moral Outrage, Hypocrisy, and the Spanish Bullfight. Ethics and the Environment.Bentley, Logan. (1962). “What The Horns Couldn’t Do”. Sports Illustrated.Colenutt, Mark. Spanish Bull: A Provocative Guide to Bullfighting. 2014.Conrad, Barnaby. The Death of Manolete. 1958.Dozier, Thomas. (1955) “The One Who Lived”. Sports Illustrated.Gamado, Ignacio. Discovering the World of Bullfighting. 2021.Hardouin-Fugier, Elisabeth. Bullfighting: A Troubled History. 2010.Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. 1932Kennedy, A.L.: On Bullfighting. 1999.McCormick, John. Bullfighting: Art, Technique &amp; Spanish Society. 1998Mitchell, Timothy. Blood Sport: A Social History of Spanish Bullfighting. 1991.Ribezzo, Viviana. Adresi, Marta. The Corrida: The History of Bullfighting from its Origins to Present Day. 2018.Tauromaquia. Jaime Alekos. 2017.Tynan, Kenneth. (1955) “The Death of Manolete”. The Paris Review  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Some revere it as an art form, others revile it as a blood sport, but no matter where you stand, few traditions stir up strong emotions quite like the centuries-old ritual of bullfighting. Born in the villages of rural Spain, refined in the crowded arenas of Seville, and fetishized by wandering aficionados like Ernest Hemingway, the “corrida de toros” holds a special place not only in Spanish cultural life but in human history. Beneath the pomp and pageantry, will we find senseless animal cruelty? Or a transcendent reflection on the human condition?  SOURCES:Bailey, C. (2007). “Africa Begins at the Pyrenees”: Moral Outrage, Hypocrisy, and the Spanish Bullfight. Ethics and the Environment.Bentley, Logan. (1962). “What The Horns Couldn’t Do”. Sports Illustrated.Colenutt, Mark. Spanish Bull: A Provocative Guide to Bullfighting. 2014.Conrad, Barnaby. The Death of Manolete. 1958.Dozier, Thomas. (1955) “The One Who Lived”. Sports Illustrated.Gamado, Ignacio. Discovering the World of Bullfighting. 2021.Hardouin-Fugier, Elisabeth. Bullfighting: A Troubled History. 2010.Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. 1932Kennedy, A.L.: On Bullfighting. 1999.McCormick, John. Bullfighting: Art, Technique &amp; Spanish Society. 1998Mitchell, Timothy. Blood Sport: A Social History of Spanish Bullfighting. 1991.Ribezzo, Viviana. Adresi, Marta. The Corrida: The History of Bullfighting from its Origins to Present Day. 2018.Tauromaquia. Jaime Alekos. 2017.Tynan, Kenneth. (1955) “The Death of Manolete”. The Paris Review  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Gore: The Brutal History of Bullfighting

It’s 1992. The 40th Army is long gone and the Soviet Union has collapsed, but war still rages across Afghanistan. As the Afghan communist regime crumbles, Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s forces clash in Kabul. While America turns its back and the Mujahideen turn on each other, new threats arise and threaten to sweep the old generation of freedom fighters away – The Taliban and Osama bin Laden. (Part 4 of Ghosts in the Mountains)SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s 1992. The 40th Army is long gone and the Soviet Union has collapsed, but war still rages across Afghanistan. As the Afghan communist regime crumbles, Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s forces clash in Kabul. While America turns its back and the Mujahideen turn on each other, new threats arise and threaten to sweep the old generation of freedom fighters away – The Taliban and Osama bin Laden. (Part 4 of Ghosts in the Mountains) SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Ghosts in the Mountains: The Mujahideen Civil War (Part 4)

As the CIA wages a covert proxy war against the Soviet 40th Army, the Mujahideen are showered with billions of dollars and cutting-edge weaponry. An old animosity between two prominent Mujahideen commanders – Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar - turns into a bitter, deadly rivalry. Meanwhile, Soviet reformers led by Mikhail Gorbachev attempt to extricate the USSR from Afghanistan with a shred of dignity intact. After the Soviet withdrawal, the world turns it back on Afghanistan as a civil war rages between the Mujahideen factions – and the Taliban emerges. SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the CIA wages a covert proxy war against the Soviet 40th Army, the Mujahideen are showered with billions of dollars and cutting-edge weaponry. An old animosity between two prominent Mujahideen commanders – Ahmed Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar - turns into a bitter, deadly rivalry. Meanwhile, Soviet reformers led by Mikhail Gorbachev attempt to extricate the USSR from Afghanistan with a shred of dignity intact. After the Soviet withdrawal, the world turns it back on Afghanistan as a civil war rages between the Mujahideen factions – and the Taliban emerges.  SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Alexievich, Svetlana. Zinky Boys. 1989.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Gall, Sandy. Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmed Shah Massoud. 2021.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. 2009.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Ghosts in the Mountains: The Soviet-Afghan War – Part 3

The Soviet 40th Army invaded Afghanistan in the closing days of 1979. They would not leave for another nine years. Exhausted and frustrated by their inability to decisively crush the elusive freedom fighters in the mountains – the Mujahideen – the Soviets turn to atrocity and criminal violence to achieve their objectives. Meanwhile, adrenaline-seeking journalists and idealistic Western reporters illegally sneak into the war zone to uncover the truth behind the war. SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Soviet 40th Army invaded Afghanistan in the closing days of 1979. They would not leave for another nine years. Exhausted and frustrated by their inability to decisively crush the elusive freedom fighters in the mountains – the Mujahideen – the Soviets turn to atrocity and criminal violence to achieve their objectives. Meanwhile, adrenaline-seeking journalists and idealistic Western reporters illegally sneak into the war zone to uncover the truth behind the war.  SOURCES:Ahmadi-Miller, Enjeela. The Broken Circle: A Memoir of Escaping Afghanistan. 2019.Ansari, Mir Tamim. Games Without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. 2012.Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. 2010.Borovik, Artyom. The Hidden War. 1990.Braithewaite, Rodric. Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-1989. 2011.Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to 2001. 2004. Dobbs, Michael. Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. 1997.Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan. 2009. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Soviet-Afghan War, 1979-89. 2012.Galeotti, Mark. Storm-333: KGB and Spetsnaz Seize Kabul. 2021.Goodwin, Jan. Caught in the Crossfire. 1987. Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain: Soviet Combat Tactics In Afghanistan. 1996.Hosdon, Peregrine. Under a Sickle Moon: A Journey Through Afghanistan. 1986.Kalinovsky, Artemy. A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. 2011.Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2001.Rosen, Ethan. The Bear, The Dragon, &amp; the AK-47. 2017.Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the War Against the Taliban. 2009.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Ghosts in the Mountains: The Soviet-Afghan War – Part 2

Absolutely addicted to this podcast after 10 minutes. Fantastic writing that keeps you wanting to learn more. Can’t wait for each new episode!

Instantly addictive

Wow. I am by no means a history buff, but I love this podcast. Extremely well done and engaging. Highly recommend.

Wish High School was like this

Conflicted: A History Podcast

How a single week in 1967 changed the Middle East, and the world, forever. This is the action-packed, heartbreaking origin story of Israel and the Six-Day War. SOURCES:Oren, Michael B. Six Days Of War. 2002.Pressfield, Steven. The Lion’s Gate. 2014.Churchill, Randolph S. The Six Day War. 1967Dana, Seif. “The 1967 Naksa: The Making of the New Middle East”. Al Jazeera. June 2016.Samuel, Sigal. “How the Six Day War Transformed Religion”. The Atlantic. Jun 5 2017Land, Graham. “Was the Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome a Preventable Tragedy?” HistoryHit. July 2018Josephus. The Works of Josephus. The Wars of the Jews, Book 7 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How a single week in 1967 changed the Middle East, and the world, forever. This is the action-packed, heartbreaking origin story of Israel and the Six-Day War.  SOURCES:Oren, Michael B. Six Days Of War. 2002.Pressfield, Steven. The Lion’s Gate. 2014.Churchill, Randolph S. The Six Day War. 1967Dana, Seif. “The 1967 Naksa: The Making of the New Middle East”. Al Jazeera. June 2016.Samuel, Sigal. “How the Six Day War Transformed Religion”. The Atlantic. Jun 5 2017Land, Graham. “Was the Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome a Preventable Tragedy?” HistoryHit. July 2018Josephus. The Works of Josephus. The Wars of the Jews, Book 7 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Six Days: The 1967 Six Day War

Wonder

African berserkers, graceful samurai, and deadly Soviet fighter pilots. A three-part, globe-trotting tour of remarkable female soldiers and the complicated lives that they led.SOURCES:Vinogradova, Lyuba. Defending the Motherland. 2015Alpern, Stanley B. Amazons of Black Sparta. 1998.Dash, Mike. “Dahomey’s Women Warriors”. Smithsonian.com. Sept 2011Busch, Jenna. “Meet the Dahomey Amazons, the Inspiration for the Dora Milaje”. SyFy Wire. Nov 2018.Joubeaud, Edouard. The Women Soldiers of Dahomey. UNESCO Digital Library. 2014“Three Months in Captivity in Dahomey”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Oct 1890Budnik, Ruslan. “Dahomey Amazons - The Only Elite All-Female Warrior Regiments”. War History Online. Oct 2018Okoh, Lize. “Meet the Dahomey Amazons: The All-Female Warriors of West Africa”. Culture Trip. May 2018.Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Women, 1184 -1877. 2012.Hoffman, Michael. “Women Warriors of Japan”. The Japan Times. Oct 2011.Hastings, Cristobel. “How Onna-Bugeisha, Feudal Japan's Women Samurai, Were Erased From History”. VICE. Sept 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

African berserkers, graceful samurai, and deadly Soviet fighter pilots. A three-part, globe-trotting tour of remarkable female soldiers and the complicated lives that they led. SOURCES:Vinogradova, Lyuba. Defending the Motherland. 2015Alpern, Stanley B. Amazons of Black Sparta. 1998.Dash, Mike. “Dahomey’s Women Warriors”. <a href="http://Smithsonian.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Smithsonian.com</a>. Sept 2011Busch, Jenna. “Meet the Dahomey Amazons, the Inspiration for the Dora Milaje”. SyFy Wire. Nov 2018.Joubeaud, Edouard. The Women Soldiers of Dahomey. UNESCO Digital Library. 2014“Three Months in Captivity in Dahomey”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Oct 1890Budnik, Ruslan. “Dahomey Amazons - The Only Elite All-Female Warrior Regiments”. War History Online. Oct 2018Okoh, Lize. “Meet the Dahomey Amazons: The All-Female Warriors of West Africa”. Culture Trip. May 2018.Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Women, 1184 -1877. 2012.Hoffman, Michael. “Women Warriors of Japan”. The Japan Times. Oct 2011.Hastings, Cristobel. “How Onna-Bugeisha, Feudal Japan's Women Samurai, Were Erased From History”. VICE. Sept 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Wonder Women

Sea battles, tiger hunts, and a mountain of human noses. This is the Shakespearean saga that triggered centuries of bad blood between Korea and Japan.SOURCES:Samuel, Hawley. The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China. 2005Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea. 2008.Turnbull, Stephen. War in Japan, 1467-1615. 2002Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi. 1982Kristof, Nicholas D. “Japan, Korea, and 1597: A Year That Lives in Infamy”. Sept 1997 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sea battles, tiger hunts, and a mountain of human noses. This is the Shakespearean saga that triggered centuries of bad blood between Korea and Japan. SOURCES:Samuel, Hawley. The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China. 2005Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea. 2008.Turnbull, Stephen. War in Japan, 1467-1615. 2002Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi. 1982Kristof, Nicholas D. “Japan, Korea, and 1597: A Year That Lives in Infamy”. Sept 1997 <h1> </h1> Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The Tiger and the Turtle: Samurai Invasion of Korea 

The Rated-R-for-Russian story of the Red Army’s horrific campaign of vengeance against Nazi Germany. SOURCES:Beevor, Antony. The Fall of Berlin 1945. 2003.Huggler, Justin. “Fall of Berlin: ‘Of course I was afraid. I was 17 years old.’”. The Telegraph UK. May 2015Johnson, Daniel. “Red Army troops raped even Russian women as they freed them from camps”. The Guardian. Jan 2002.Ash, Lucy. “The Rape of Berlin”. BBC News. May 2015.Fitzgerald, Nora. “Berliners recall Red Army atrocities”. Chicago Tribune. September 2002. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Rated-R-for-Russian story of the Red Army’s horrific campaign of vengeance against Nazi Germany.  SOURCES:Beevor, Antony. The Fall of Berlin 1945. 2003.Huggler, Justin. “Fall of Berlin: ‘Of course I was afraid. I was 17 years old.’”. The Telegraph UK. May 2015Johnson, Daniel. “Red Army troops raped even Russian women as they freed them from camps”. The Guardian. Jan 2002.Ash, Lucy. “The Rape of Berlin”. BBC News. May 2015.Fitzgerald, Nora. “Berliners recall Red Army atrocities”. Chicago Tribune. September 2002. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

They Saw Red

The story of China’s infamous One-Child Policy, the most ambitious (and catastrophic) social engineering project the modern world has ever seen.SOURCES:Fong, Mei. One Child: The Story of China’s Most Radical Experiment. 2016Evans, Karin. The Lost Daughters of China. 2008Johnson, Kay Ann. China’s Hidden Children. 2016Xinran, Message From an Unknown Chinese Mother: Stories of Loss and Love. 2012Greenhalgh, Susan. Just One Child: Science and Policy in Deng’s China. 2008. Ren, Yuan. “How China's one-child policy overhauled the status and prospects of girls like me”. The Telegraph. Dec 2013. Clarke, Aileen. “See How The One-Child Policy Changed China”. National Geographic. Nov 2015. Chen, Shanshan. “Lost lives: the battle of China's invisible children to recover missed years”. Reuters. Dec 2016.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The story of China’s infamous One-Child Policy, the most ambitious (and catastrophic) social engineering project the modern world has ever seen. SOURCES:Fong, Mei. One Child: The Story of China’s Most Radical Experiment. 2016Evans, Karin. The Lost Daughters of China. 2008Johnson, Kay Ann. China’s Hidden Children. 2016Xinran, Message From an Unknown Chinese Mother: Stories of Loss and Love. 2012Greenhalgh, Susan. Just One Child: Science and Policy in Deng’s China. 2008. Ren, Yuan. “How China's one-child policy overhauled the status and prospects of girls like me”. The Telegraph. Dec 2013. Clarke, Aileen. “See How The One-Child Policy Changed China”. National Geographic. Nov 2015. Chen, Shanshan. “Lost lives: the battle of China's invisible children to recover missed years”. Reuters. Dec 2016. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Forbidden Children: China's One-Child Policy

A bonus episode concerning the Praetorian Guard's musical and murderous relationship with Rome's fabulous fifth Emperor, Nero. An epilogue to E10: "Kingbreakers"SOURCES:Strauss, Barry. Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine.2019De La Bodeyere, Guy. Praetorian: The Rise and Fall of Rome’s Imperial Bodyguard. 2017Rankov, Boris. The Praetorian Guard. 1994Bingham, Sandra. The Praetorian Guard. 2012Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars. AD 121Dando-Collins, Stephen. Caligula: The Mad Emperor of Rome. 2019.Tacitus, Cornelius. The Complete Works. 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A bonus episode concerning the Praetorian Guard's musical and murderous relationship with Rome's fabulous fifth Emperor, Nero. An epilogue to E10: "Kingbreakers" SOURCES:Strauss, Barry. Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine.2019De La Bodeyere, Guy. Praetorian: The Rise and Fall of Rome’s Imperial Bodyguard. 2017Rankov, Boris. The Praetorian Guard. 1994Bingham, Sandra. The Praetorian Guard. 2012Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars. AD 121Dando-Collins, Stephen. Caligula: The Mad Emperor of Rome. 2019.Tacitus, Cornelius. The Complete Works. 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Roadies For Nero: An Epilogue

The story of Rome through the eyes of the infamous Praetorian Guard, feared bodyguards who wielded the power and leverage to make – or break – the Emperors they swore to protect.SOURCES:Strauss, Barry. Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine. 2019De La Bodeyere, Guy. Praetorian: The Rise and Fall of Rome’s Imperial Bodyguard. 2017Rankov, Boris. The Praetorian Guard. 1994Bingham, Sandra. The Praetorian Guard. 2012Beard, Mary. SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. 2015Beard, Mary. The Roman Triumph. 2007.Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars. AD 121Dando-Collins, Stephen. Caligula: The Mad Emperor of Rome. 2019.Tacitus, Cornelius. The Complete Works. 1994.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The story of Rome through the eyes of the infamous Praetorian Guard, feared bodyguards who wielded the power and leverage to make – or break – the Emperors they swore to protect. SOURCES:Strauss, Barry. Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine. 2019De La Bodeyere, Guy. Praetorian: The Rise and Fall of Rome’s Imperial Bodyguard. 2017Rankov, Boris. The Praetorian Guard. 1994Bingham, Sandra. The Praetorian Guard. 2012Beard, Mary. SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. 2015Beard, Mary. The Roman Triumph. 2007.Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars. AD 121Dando-Collins, Stephen. Caligula: The Mad Emperor of Rome. 2019.Tacitus, Cornelius. The Complete Works. 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Kingbreakers: The Praetorian Guard

Pax Mongolica

Kublai Khan

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan and the Mongols killed millions, but were they actually woke AF? Let's tackle the surprisingly progressive (yet blood-drenched) legacy of one of history's most mysterious empires.SOURCES:Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. 2004.Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Quest for God. 2016.Weatherford, Jack. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens. 2010.McLynn, Frank. Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. 2015.Waterson, James. Defending Heaven: China’s Mongol Wars. 2013. Bergreen, Laurence. Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu. 2007.Turnbull, Stephen. Genghis Khan &amp; the Mongol Conquests, 1190-1400. 2003.Turnbull, Stephen. Mongol Warrior, 1200-1350. 2003.    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Genghis Khan and the Mongols killed millions, but were they actually woke AF? Let's tackle the surprisingly progressive (yet blood-drenched) legacy of one of history's most mysterious empires. SOURCES:Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. 2004.Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Quest for God. 2016.Weatherford, Jack. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens. 2010.McLynn, Frank. Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. 2015.Waterson, James. Defending Heaven: China’s Mongol Wars. 2013. Bergreen, Laurence. Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu. 2007.Turnbull, Stephen. Genghis Khan &amp; the Mongol Conquests, 1190-1400. 2003.Turnbull, Stephen. Mongol Warrior, 1200-1350. 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Pax Mongolica: Genghis Khan & Kublai Khan

Car bombs, hitmen, and hunger strikes. How "The Troubles" tore Northern Ireland apart.SOURCES:Toolis, Kevin. Rebel Hearts. 1995McKittrick, David. Making Sense of the Troubles. 2000Coogan, Tim Pat. The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal and the Search for Peace. 1995.Edwards, Aaron. The Northern Ireland Troubles. 2014.O'Doherty, Malachi. The Trouble With Guns. 1998.Collins, Eamon. Killing Rage. 1997.Bingham, John. "Margaret Thatcher: Seconds from death at the hands of IRA bomber." April 2013.Moriarty, Gerry. "Internment Explained: when it was introduced and why". August 2019. Simonson, Robert. "The Irish Car Bomb". March 2018 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Car bombs, hitmen, and hunger strikes. How "The Troubles" tore Northern Ireland apart. SOURCES:Toolis, Kevin. Rebel Hearts. 1995McKittrick, David. Making Sense of the Troubles. 2000Coogan, Tim Pat. The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal and the Search for Peace. 1995.Edwards, Aaron. The Northern Ireland Troubles. 2014.O'Doherty, Malachi. The Trouble With Guns. 1998.Collins, Eamon. Killing Rage. 1997.Bingham, John. "Margaret Thatcher: Seconds from death at the hands of IRA bomber." April 2013.Moriarty, Gerry. "Internment Explained: when it was introduced and why". August 2019. Simonson, Robert. "The Irish Car Bomb". March 2018 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

Hate Thy Neighbor: Northern Ireland and the Troubles

Wonder and warmth quickly turn to slaughter and horror as Hernan Cortes meets Emperor Moctezuma in the explosive conclusion of this two-part series.SOURCES:Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. Sheppard, Si. Tenochtitlan 1519-1521. 2018.Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico. 1993.Prescott, William H. History of the Conquest of Mexico. 1843Cortes, Hernan. Five Letters. 1519-1526.Restall, Matthew. When Montezuma Met Cortez: The True Story of the Meeting That Changed History. 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wonder and warmth quickly turn to slaughter and horror as Hernan Cortes meets Emperor Moctezuma in the explosive conclusion of this two-part series. SOURCES:Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. Sheppard, Si. Tenochtitlan 1519-1521. 2018.Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico. 1993.Prescott, William H. History of the Conquest of Mexico. 1843Cortes, Hernan. Five Letters. 1519-1526.Restall, Matthew. When Montezuma Met Cortez: The True Story of the Meeting That Changed History. 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

The City Of Dreams: The Aztec Conquest Part 2

The best podcast episodes on global issues affecting everyone. Covering topics such as the #metoo movement, climate change, the impact of technology and some of the biggest global issues facing us right now. For anyone interested in learning more about the world, and some of the issues we're facing, pick an episode below and start listening! Add episodes you're interested into your queue below!

Best Episodes on Global Issues

The best podcast episodes of anyone with an interesting story. With famous guests like Obama, LeBron James, Drake, Oprah Winfrey, Richard Branson, Michelle Obama, Serena Williams, to anyone who has a unique and interesting story to tell. Add episodes you're interested into your queue below!