Cosuming food can be a pleasurable thing – we enjoy feasting on the mix of tastes and textures and it stops us feeling hungry too. Of course, food also gives us energy and the vitamins and minerals that our body needs. It's no wonder we spend so much time preparing and eating food. But what many of us don't consider is how our emotions are affected by what we put into our bellies.食用食物可能是一件令人愉快的事情——我们喜欢品尝各种口味和质地的食物，它也让我们不再感到饥饿。当然，食物也为我们提供能量以及我们身体所需的维生素和矿物质。难怪我们花这么多时间准备和吃食物。但我们中的许多人没有考虑的是，我们的情绪如何受到我们放入肚子里的东西的影响。For me, it's the unhealthy foods that put a smile on my face – chocolate, cakes and ice cream – well, I do have a sweet tooth! It might seem obvious that food that's bad for our waistline, usually makes us happy, at least in the short term. Most of us get this feeling when we use food as a quick pick-me-up. But dieticians tell us that eating bad food long term, not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health conditions such as diabetes, and it can also affect our mental state and bring on depression.对我来说，让我微笑的是不健康的食物——巧克力、蛋糕和冰淇淋——好吧，我确实爱吃甜食！似乎很明显，对我们的腰围有害的食物通常会让我们快乐，至少在短期内是这样。当我们用食物来提神时，我们大多数人都会有这种感觉。但营养师告诉我们，长期吃不好的食物，不仅会增加体重，还会导致糖尿病等其他健康问题，还会影响我们的精神状态，导致抑郁。The link between our mind and food has been looked at by scientists.They've recently found that it's the bacteria in our gut that affects our mood. It's thought we have 39 trillion of these simple, small organisms in our body. Researchers at McMaster University in Canada and University College Cork in Ireland, have found that certain 'good' bacteria help reduce anxiety in mice. And researchers at Kyushu University also found that germs help reduce stress and anxiety in mice. Experts believe that, for us humans, this means food with 'good' bacteria can improve the way we feel.科学家们已经研究了我们的思想和食物之间的联系。他们最近发现，影响我们情绪的是我们肠道中的细菌。人们认为我们体内有 39 万亿个这些简单的小生物。加拿大麦克马斯特大学和爱尔兰科克大学的研究人员发现，某些“好”细菌有助于减轻老鼠的焦虑。九州大学的研究人员还发现，细菌有助于减轻老鼠的压力和焦虑。专家认为，对我们人类来说，这意味着含有“好”细菌的食物可以改善我们的感觉。Many food products are claiming to be high in this 'good' bacteria and some of the best types are homemade fermented food like miso soup, yoghurt and sauerkraut. This really makes me think twice about what I eat – maybe I should change my diet to perk me up! Doctor Michael Mosley would agree. He's been looking into this for the BBC and says the best food to cheer us up is in a "Mediterranean diet. Olive oil; oily fish, full of omega 3, which is really good for the brain; whole grains; lots of fruits and vegetables. Sugar: terrible for you!"许多食品声称这种“好”细菌含量很高，其中一些最好的类型是自制发酵食品，如味噌汤、酸奶和酸菜。这真的让我对我吃的东西三思而后行——也许我应该改变我的饮食来让我振作起来！迈克尔·莫斯利医生会同意的。他一直在为 BBC 研究这个问题，并表示最能让我们振作起来的食物是“地中海饮食。橄榄油；富含欧米茄 3 的油性鱼，对大脑非常有益；全谷物；大量水果和蔬菜。糖：对你来说太可怕了！So maybe it's time to lay off the fatty and sugary things. Eating healthily may seem simple, even if the science behind it is complex. It's not rocket science but this is further evidence for the saying 'we are what we eat' – the person we are is determined by the food we eat. There are other factors that can change our mood but it seems we have some ability to improve how we feel by controlling what we put on our plate. Does your diet affect your mood?所以也许是时候放弃脂肪和含糖的东西了。健康饮食似乎很简单，即使背后的科学很复杂。这不是火箭科学，但这进一步证明了“我们就是我们所吃的东西”这句话——我们是由我们吃的食物决定的人。还有其他因素可以改变我们的情绪，但似乎我们有能力通过控制我们放在盘子里的东西来改善我们的感觉。你的饮食会影响你的情绪吗？词汇表pleasurable 令人愉快的belly 肚子，腹部a smile on one’s face 某人面带微笑sweet tooth 爱吃甜食，对甜食喜爱pick-me-up 使人兴奋的饮品或食品dietician 营养师diabetes 糖尿病mental state 精神状态depression 抑郁，沮丧bacteria 细菌（bacterium 的复数）gut 肠道，消化道organism 生物体，有机体anxiety 不安，焦虑germ 细菌，病菌stress 压力fermented 发酵的sauerkraut 泡菜perk somebody up 使某人提起精神，使某人活跃起来omega 3 奥米茄三脂肪酸lay off 戒掉'we are what we eat' “吃什么像什么”

Cosuming food can be a pleasurable thing – we enjoy feasting on the mix of tastes and textures and it stops us feeling hungry too. Of course, food also gives us energy and the vitamins and minerals that our body needs. It's no wonder we spend so much time preparing and eating food. But what many of us don't consider is how our emotions are affected by what we put into our bellies.食用食物可能是一件令人愉快的事情——我们喜欢品尝各种口味和质地的食物，它也让我们不再感到饥饿。当然，食物也为我们提供能量以及我们身体所需的维生素和矿物质。难怪我们花这么多时间准备和吃食物。但我们中的许多人没有考虑的是，我们的情绪如何受到我们放入肚子里的东西的影响。For me, it's the unhealthy foods that put a smile on my face – chocolate, cakes and ice cream – well, I do have a sweet tooth! It might seem obvious that food that's bad for our waistline, usually makes us happy, at least in the short term. Most of us get this feeling when we use food as a quick pick-me-up. But dieticians tell us that eating bad food long term, not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health conditions such as diabetes, and it can also affect our mental state and bring on depression.对我来说，让我微笑的是不健康的食物——巧克力、蛋糕和冰淇淋——好吧，我确实爱吃甜食！似乎很明显，对我们的腰围有害的食物通常会让我们快乐，至少在短期内是这样。当我们用食物来提神时，我们大多数人都会有这种感觉。但营养师告诉我们，长期吃不好的食物，不仅会增加体重，还会导致糖尿病等其他健康问题，还会影响我们的精神状态，导致抑郁。The link between our mind and food has been looked at by scientists.They've recently found that it's the bacteria in our gut that affects our mood. It's thought we have 39 trillion of these simple, small organisms in our body. Researchers at McMaster University in Canada and University College Cork in Ireland, have found that certain 'good' bacteria help reduce anxiety in mice. And researchers at Kyushu University also found that germs help reduce stress and anxiety in mice. Experts believe that, for us humans, this means food with 'good' bacteria can improve the way we feel.科学家们已经研究了我们的思想和食物之间的联系。他们最近发现，影响我们情绪的是我们肠道中的细菌。人们认为我们体内有 39 万亿个这些简单的小生物。加拿大麦克马斯特大学和爱尔兰科克大学的研究人员发现，某些“好”细菌有助于减轻老鼠的焦虑。九州大学的研究人员还发现，细菌有助于减轻老鼠的压力和焦虑。专家认为，对我们人类来说，这意味着含有“好”细菌的食物可以改善我们的感觉。Many food products are claiming to be high in this 'good' bacteria and some of the best types are homemade fermented food like miso soup, yoghurt and sauerkraut. This really makes me think twice about what I eat – maybe I should change my diet to perk me up! Doctor Michael Mosley would agree. He's been looking into this for the BBC and says the best food to cheer us up is in a "Mediterranean diet. Olive oil; oily fish, full of omega 3, which is really good for the brain; whole grains; lots of fruits and vegetables. Sugar: terrible for you!"许多食品声称这种“好”细菌含量很高，其中一些最好的类型是自制发酵食品，如味噌汤、酸奶和酸菜。这真的让我对我吃的东西三思而后行——也许我应该改变我的饮食来让我振作起来！迈克尔·莫斯利医生会同意的。他一直在为 BBC 研究这个问题，并表示最能让我们振作起来的食物是“地中海饮食。橄榄油；富含欧米茄 3 的油性鱼，对大脑非常有益；全谷物；大量水果和蔬菜。糖：对你来说太可怕了！So maybe it's time to lay off the fatty and sugary things. Eating healthily may seem simple, even if the science behind it is complex. It's not rocket science but this is further evidence for the saying 'we are what we eat' – the person we are is determined by the food we eat. There are other factors that can change our mood but it seems we have some ability to improve how we feel by controlling what we put on our plate. Does your diet affect your mood?所以也许是时候放弃脂肪和含糖的东西了。健康饮食似乎很简单，即使背后的科学很复杂。这不是火箭科学，但这进一步证明了“我们就是我们所吃的东西”这句话——我们是由我们吃的食物决定的人。还有其他因素可以改变我们的情绪，但似乎我们有能力通过控制我们放在盘子里的东西来改善我们的感觉。你的饮食会影响你的情绪吗？词汇表pleasurable 令人愉快的 belly 肚子，腹部 a smile on one’s face 某人面带微笑 sweet tooth 爱吃甜食，对甜食喜爱 pick-me-up 使人兴奋的饮品或食品 dietician 营养师 diabetes 糖尿病 mental state 精神状态 depression 抑郁，沮丧 bacteria 细菌（bacterium 的复数） gut 肠道，消化道 organism 生物体，有机体 anxiety 不安，焦虑 germ 细菌，病菌 stress 压力 fermented 发酵的 sauerkraut 泡菜 perk somebody up 使某人提起精神，使某人活跃起来 omega 3 奥米茄三脂肪酸 lay off 戒掉 'we are what we eat' “吃什么像什么”

第1495期:Food and mood

Here’s a staggering statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And incredibly, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years. 这是一个惊人的统计数据。科学家计算出塑料的总量：83亿吨。换个角度看，它有 25,000 座帝国大厦或 10 亿头大象那么重。令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去 65 年中完成的。So what’s the problem? Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is recyled, 12% is incinerated and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade, once it’s in the ground, it stays there. 所以有什么问题？很多塑料都是包装形式，只使用一次就扔掉了。根据加州大学的一项重大新研究，其中 9% 被回收利用，12% 被焚烧，79% 进入垃圾填埋场。而且由于大多数塑料不会生物降解，因此一旦进入地下，就会一直存在。It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly heading towards ‘Planet Plastic'”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.正是这种情况导致该论文的主要作者、生态学家 Roland Geyer 博士说我们“正在迅速走向‘塑料星球’”。他认为那里的垃圾已经足够覆盖整个阿根廷。The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are escaping into the sea every year. This has generated concern that plastic is entering the food chain, though fish and other sea life which ingest the smaller fragments.该报告背后的团队还估计，每年有 800 万吨塑料垃圾流入大海。这引起了人们对塑料正在进入食物链的担忧，尽管鱼类和其他海洋生物会摄入较小的碎片。Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and adaptable, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s precisely this quality which makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it – although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.当然，周围有这么多塑料的原因是它是一种非常有用的材料。我们受够了。它耐用且适应性强，可用于从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船的所有物品。但正是这种品质使它成为一个问题。破坏塑料的唯一方法是加热或燃烧它——尽管这会产生有害排放的副作用。So what’s the alternative, other than using less plastic? Oceanographer Dr Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a “tsunami” of plastic waste, and that the global waste industry needs to “get its act together”.那么除了使用更少的塑料之外，还有什么选择呢？乌得勒支大学的海洋学家 Erik van Sebille 博士说，我们正面临着塑料垃圾的“海啸”，全球垃圾行业需要“齐心协力”。Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that’s at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recyled around 20 times over.普利茅斯大学的海洋生物学家理查德汤普森教授说，糟糕的设计是错误的。他说，如果产品目前的设计“考虑到可回收性”，它们可以回收大约 20 倍。Dr Geyer agrees: “The holy grail of recycling is to keep material in use and in the loop for ever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled - which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes - only got recycled once.”Geyer 博士对此表示赞同：“回收的圣杯是尽可能地保持材料的使用和循环。但在我们的研究中发现，实际上 90% 的材料确实被回收了——我认为我们计算出来的量是 6 亿吨——只被回收了一次。”词汇表staggering 令人震惊的packaging 包装材料incinerate 被焚毁的landfill 垃圾填埋场biodegrade 生物降解ecologist 生态学家food chain 食物链ingest 咽下（食物）fragment 碎片，碎块durable 耐用的adaptable 适应性强的emission 排放物oceanographer 海洋学家tsunami 海啸get your act together 合理安排，有条理地筹划marine biologist 海洋生物学家at fault 有责任，有过错recyclability 可再利用性loop 循环turn out 结果是（尤指出乎意料的结果）

Here’s a staggering statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And incredibly, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years. 这是一个惊人的统计数据。科学家计算出塑料的总量：83亿吨。换个角度看，它有 25,000 座帝国大厦或 10 亿头大象那么重。令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去 65 年中完成的。So what’s the problem? Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is recyled, 12% is incinerated and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade, once it’s in the ground, it stays there. 所以有什么问题？很多塑料都是包装形式，只使用一次就扔掉了。根据加州大学的一项重大新研究，其中 9% 被回收利用，12% 被焚烧，79% 进入垃圾填埋场。而且由于大多数塑料不会生物降解，因此一旦进入地下，就会一直存在。It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly heading towards ‘Planet Plastic'”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.正是这种情况导致该论文的主要作者、生态学家 Roland Geyer 博士说我们“正在迅速走向‘塑料星球’”。他认为那里的垃圾已经足够覆盖整个阿根廷。The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are escaping into the sea every year. This has generated concern that plastic is entering the food chain, though fish and other sea life which ingest the smaller fragments.该报告背后的团队还估计，每年有 800 万吨塑料垃圾流入大海。这引起了人们对塑料正在进入食物链的担忧，尽管鱼类和其他海洋生物会摄入较小的碎片。Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and adaptable, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s precisely this quality which makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it – although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.当然，周围有这么多塑料的原因是它是一种非常有用的材料。我们受够了。它耐用且适应性强，可用于从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船的所有物品。但正是这种品质使它成为一个问题。破坏塑料的唯一方法是加热或燃烧它——尽管这会产生有害排放的副作用。So what’s the alternative, other than using less plastic? Oceanographer Dr Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a “tsunami” of plastic waste, and that the global waste industry needs to “get its act together”.那么除了使用更少的塑料之外，还有什么选择呢？乌得勒支大学的海洋学家 Erik van Sebille 博士说，我们正面临着塑料垃圾的“海啸”，全球垃圾行业需要“齐心协力”。Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that’s at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recyled around 20 times over.普利茅斯大学的海洋生物学家理查德汤普森教授说，糟糕的设计是错误的。他说，如果产品目前的设计“考虑到可回收性”，它们可以回收大约 20 倍。Dr Geyer agrees: “The holy grail of recycling is to keep material in use and in the loop for ever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled - which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes - only got recycled once.”Geyer 博士对此表示赞同：“回收的圣杯是尽可能地保持材料的使用和循环。但在我们的研究中发现，实际上 90% 的材料确实被回收了——我认为我们计算出来的量是 6 亿吨——只被回收了一次。”词汇表staggering 令人震惊的 packaging 包装材料 incinerate 被焚毁的 landfill 垃圾填埋场 biodegrade 生物降解 ecologist 生态学家 food chain 食物链 ingest 咽下（食物） fragment 碎片，碎块 durable 耐用的 adaptable 适应性强的 emission 排放物 oceanographer 海洋学家 tsunami 海啸 get your act together 合理安排，有条理地筹划 marine biologist 海洋生物学家 at fault 有责任，有过错 recyclability 可再利用性 loop 循环 turn out 结果是（尤指出乎意料的结果）

第1511期:Planet Plastic

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号:VOA英语每日一听Todd: Now, Shona, you said that you jog.Shona: Yeah, I do.Todd: I'm a jogger too.Shona: Oh, are you? Fantastic. How often do you do it?Todd: Well, actually try to go every day.Shona: Oh, OK. How long for?Todd: Between thirty minutes and an hour, depending on the day. And you?Shona: It depends on the day as well. Today it was only like half an hour, but I try to get out for an hour, maybe like four or five times a week, but I used to be like a lot fitter and I just realized today that I'm not as fit as I used to be, so I'm probably gonna pump it up a little bit and do a little bit more, but yeah.Todd: So you said you're not fit. What happened? Did you stop running?Shona: Yeah, I guess like I've not been doing as much as I used to recently cause I used to do more than just jogging. I went to the gym as well. I did yoga. You know it was like more of a varied workout, but when you just stick to like one exercise alone, like, it tends to kind of make your fitness, like, drop a little bit if you are used to doing like a lot more sports.Todd: Right.Shona: So I need to vary it a little more.Todd: Well, actually, where do you run? Do you run on the river?Shona: Yeah, I run down the river. Just along it, to the right-hand side. Just as far as, like fifteen or twenty minutes, and then back.Todd: Actually, there's a really nice park near here that has a really nice running trail.Shona: Oh, really.Todd: That I highly recommend. Yeah. But you got to take the train, and it's, you know, a little... it's four stops. You have to pay a little money, but it's worth it.Shona: Oh, wow. Cool. You'll have to tell me where it is.Todd: Sure. I can draw you a map.Shona: Oh, OK, cool.Todd: How about, when you run, do you have an ipod? Do you listen to music?Shona: Yeah. Of course, I take my MP3 players, and it's like, I could not, like, jog without music. On ocassion, I've went out the door, like to go for a jog, and I've just like, I've not been able to. Like I can't. I need music. Otherwise it's just so boring, and to be honest, you know, like it depends if it's a scenic route, like I can cope without music, like I enjoy listening to the birds or whatever, like it's beautiful or what, but if it's like, in the city, or you know, like... I need my music.Todd: Oh, I totally agree. I don't know what I would do without my ipod. - Um, what kind of music to you listen to when you jog?Shona: When I jog actually, it's different music than I listen to normally cause I like with a heavy beat, so I listen to dance music, or some kind of sixties music or something with lots of melody, and I tend to like longer songs as well because it keeps me going longer. If it's shorter songs then it stops. It keeps stopping. I seem to like lose my pace or something, so I like kind of steady, long beats.Todd: Oh, cool, well I'll be sure to get that map to you. You definitely should go jogging in that park. Cool.Shona: What music do you listen to when you go jogging?Todd: Actually, I listen to also music I normally don't listen to. I listen to more hip-hop. I'm older, you know, I'm 37, but it definitely keeps me going when I run.Shona: Yeah, it's to do with the beat, yeah.Todd: Right, right. especially when I start. Like I need a couple of good songs to keep me going.Shona: Totally, so, not yeah.

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号:VOA英语每日一听Todd: Now, Shona, you said that you jog.Shona: Yeah, I do.Todd: I'm a jogger too.Shona: Oh, are you? Fantastic. How often do you do it?Todd: Well, actually try to go every day.Shona: Oh, OK. How long for?Todd: Between thirty minutes and an hour, depending on the day. And you?Shona: It depends on the day as well. Today it was only like half an hour, but I try to get out for an hour, maybe like four or five times a week, but I used to be like a lot fitter and I just realized today that I'm not as fit as I used to be, so I'm probably gonna pump it up a little bit and do a little bit more, but yeah.Todd: So you said you're not fit. What happened? Did you stop running?Shona: Yeah, I guess like I've not been doing as much as I used to recently cause I used to do more than just jogging. I went to the gym as well. I did yoga. You know it was like more of a varied workout, but when you just stick to like one exercise alone, like, it tends to kind of make your fitness, like, drop a little bit if you are used to doing like a lot more sports.Todd: Right.Shona: So I need to vary it a little more.Todd: Well, actually, where do you run? Do you run on the river?Shona: Yeah, I run down the river. Just along it, to the right-hand side. Just as far as, like fifteen or twenty minutes, and then back.Todd: Actually, there's a really nice park near here that has a really nice running trail.Shona: Oh, really.Todd: That I highly recommend. Yeah. But you got to take the train, and it's, you know, a little... it's four stops. You have to pay a little money, but it's worth it.Shona: Oh, wow. Cool. You'll have to tell me where it is.Todd: Sure. I can draw you a map.Shona: Oh, OK, cool.Todd: How about, when you run, do you have an ipod? Do you listen to music?Shona: Yeah. Of course, I take my MP3 players, and it's like, I could not, like, jog without music. On ocassion, I've went out the door, like to go for a jog, and I've just like, I've not been able to. Like I can't. I need music. Otherwise it's just so boring, and to be honest, you know, like it depends if it's a scenic route, like I can cope without music, like I enjoy listening to the birds or whatever, like it's beautiful or what, but if it's like, in the city, or you know, like... I need my music.Todd: Oh, I totally agree. I don't know what I would do without my ipod. - Um, what kind of music to you listen to when you jog?Shona: When I jog actually, it's different music than I listen to normally cause I like with a heavy beat, so I listen to dance music, or some kind of sixties music or something with lots of melody, and I tend to like longer songs as well because it keeps me going longer. If it's shorter songs then it stops. It keeps stopping. I seem to like lose my pace or something, so I like kind of steady, long beats.Todd: Oh, cool, well I'll be sure to get that map to you. You definitely should go jogging in that park. Cool.Shona: What music do you listen to when you go jogging?Todd: Actually, I listen to also music I normally don't listen to. I listen to more hip-hop. I'm older, you know, I'm 37, but it definitely keeps me going when I run.Shona: Yeah, it's to do with the beat, yeah.Todd: Right, right. especially when I start. Like I need a couple of good songs to keep me going.Shona: Totally, so, not yeah.

第567期:Running

There's no doubt that in today's digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But why?毫无疑问，在当今的数字世界中，电脑游戏非常复杂，能够创造出几年前还无法想象的虚拟现实体验。所以我很感兴趣地看到，我长大的那些简单化的游戏正在复兴。但为什么？In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. It was the only affordable way to play them and because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit in to your house.在 1970 年代，最初玩电脑游戏的地方是拱廊。在这里，您和您的小伙伴们可以尝试 Space Invaders 和 Pacman 等游戏中的新大牌。这是玩它们的唯一经济实惠的方式，并且由于所涉及的技术，游戏机太大而无法放入您的房子。But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: "Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive. I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc, but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?" 但在 1980 年代和 90 年代，游戏进入了我们的家，像我这样的人都沉迷其中。哔哔声变成了熟悉的声音，从整个大地的卧室里传出！像俄罗斯方块、索尼克和街头霸王这样的名字在操场上成为流行语言——现在它们又被谈论——并被玩——再次。原因之一是成本低。BBC 采访了游戏玩家 Gemma Wood，她说：“较新的游戏机及其游戏非常昂贵。我知道在设计等方面付出了很多努力，但谁能证明 50 到 60 英镑的价格是合理的？你可能根本不喜欢的游戏？”Simplicity might be another reason. The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.简单可能是另一个原因。旧游戏的图形可能无法与现代游戏的细节和清晰度相提并论，但它们既有趣又易于儿童和成人使用。当然，怀旧也发挥了作用。有些人想重温他们的童年，而对于其他人来说，这是一个向他们的孩子展示他们长大的电脑游戏的机会。Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says we should have admiration for this old technology. He says "it's important to recognise how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4MB – and limited graphics and sound capabilities." This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. 技术记者 KG Orphanides 表示，我们应该对这项古老的技术表示钦佩。他说：“重要的是要认识到许多经典游戏的设计精良......开发人员的工作空间太小了——你的普通世嘉 Mega Drive 或 SNES 卡带的最大容量只有 4MB——而且图形和声音能力。”相比之下，当今游戏的平均容量为 40G。This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is ceratinly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing. So it seems like it's not 'game over' for old-school technology!这种使用复古硬件和抓住旧操纵杆的热潮肯定会流行起来。为了说服我们这些不确定降级游戏体验的人，任天堂等制造商正在用新式外壳带回一些旧游戏机。所以对于老式技术来说，这似乎不是“游戏结束”！词汇表sophisticated 精密复杂的virtual reality 虚拟现实unimaginable 难以想象的simplistic 过分简单化的arcade 游乐中心console （游戏）主机，控制台graphics 图像definition 清晰度nostalgia 怀旧，对往事的怀念admiration 钦佩classic 经典的，有代表性的cartridge 游戏卡capability 能力，力量hardware 硬件joystick 操纵杆downgrade 降低old-school 旧时的

There's no doubt that in today's digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But why?毫无疑问，在当今的数字世界中，电脑游戏非常复杂，能够创造出几年前还无法想象的虚拟现实体验。所以我很感兴趣地看到，我长大的那些简单化的游戏正在复兴。但为什么？In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. It was the only affordable way to play them and because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit in to your house.在 1970 年代，最初玩电脑游戏的地方是拱廊。在这里，您和您的小伙伴们可以尝试 Space Invaders 和 Pacman 等游戏中的新大牌。这是玩它们的唯一经济实惠的方式，并且由于所涉及的技术，游戏机太大而无法放入您的房子。But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: "Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive. I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc, but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?" 但在 1980 年代和 90 年代，游戏进入了我们的家，像我这样的人都沉迷其中。哔哔声变成了熟悉的声音，从整个大地的卧室里传出！像俄罗斯方块、索尼克和街头霸王这样的名字在操场上成为流行语言——现在它们又被谈论——并被玩——再次。原因之一是成本低。BBC 采访了游戏玩家 Gemma Wood，她说：“较新的游戏机及其游戏非常昂贵。我知道在设计等方面付出了很多努力，但谁能证明 50 到 60 英镑的价格是合理的？你可能根本不喜欢的游戏？”Simplicity might be another reason. The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.简单可能是另一个原因。旧游戏的图形可能无法与现代游戏的细节和清晰度相提并论，但它们既有趣又易于儿童和成人使用。当然，怀旧也发挥了作用。有些人想重温他们的童年，而对于其他人来说，这是一个向他们的孩子展示他们长大的电脑游戏的机会。Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says we should have admiration for this old technology. He says "it's important to recognise how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4MB – and limited graphics and sound capabilities." This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. 技术记者 KG Orphanides 表示，我们应该对这项古老的技术表示钦佩。他说：“重要的是要认识到许多经典游戏的设计精良......开发人员的工作空间太小了——你的普通世嘉 Mega Drive 或 SNES 卡带的最大容量只有 4MB——而且图形和声音能力。”相比之下，当今游戏的平均容量为 40G。This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is ceratinly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing. So it seems like it's not 'game over' for old-school technology!这种使用复古硬件和抓住旧操纵杆的热潮肯定会流行起来。为了说服我们这些不确定降级游戏体验的人，任天堂等制造商正在用新式外壳带回一些旧游戏机。所以对于老式技术来说，这似乎不是“游戏结束”！词汇表sophisticated 精密复杂的 virtual reality 虚拟现实 unimaginable 难以想象的 simplistic 过分简单化的 arcade 游乐中心 console （游戏）主机，控制台 graphics 图像 definition 清晰度 nostalgia 怀旧，对往事的怀念 admiration 钦佩 classic 经典的，有代表性的 cartridge 游戏卡 capability 能力，力量 hardware 硬件 joystick 操纵杆 downgrade 降低 old-school 旧时的

第1494期:Retro gaming

Have you ever fancied sailing around the world in your own yacht or buying a holiday home in the Caribbean? 您有没有想过乘坐自己的游艇环游世界或在加勒比海购买度假屋？Well, before you get too excited, it may help to find out if you have what it takes to become a billionaire.好吧，在你太兴奋之前，看看你是否具备成为亿万富翁的条件可能会有所帮助。We've all heard stories of school drop-outs who have made their fortune, but are they the norm or an exception to the rule? 我们都听说过辍学发家致富的故事，但他们是常态还是例外？Do they tend to be university graduates or self-made entrepreneurs?他们往往是大学毕业生还是白手起家的企业家？ Are they married or single?他们是已婚还是单身？Thanks to a recent analysis of people in Forbes Top 100 Billionaires List, we can now find out what the world's mega rich have in common. 由于最近对福布斯百强亿万富翁名单中的人的分析，我们现在可以找出世界上的超级富豪的共同点。We know which star sign is the most popular amongst multi-millionaires, what percentage wear glasses and even how many are bald!我们知道哪个星座在千万富翁中最受欢迎，戴眼镜的比例是多少，甚至有多少人是秃头！If you are deciding whether or not to go to university, it may help you to know that 76% of the richest people in the world have a degree. 如果您正在决定是否上大学，这可能会帮助您了解世界上 76% 的最富有的人拥有学位。According to this study, of those 76%, 47% have a bachelor's degree, 23% have a master's and 6% have a doctorate. 根据这项研究，在这 76% 的人中，47% 拥有学士学位，23% 拥有硕士学位，6% 拥有博士学位。 Don't lose hope if you aren't very academic though. It's worth noting that many of those on the list did not pass all their exams with flying colours. 如果你不是很学术，不要失去希望。值得注意的是，名单上的许多人并没有以优异的成绩通过所有考试。Microsoft founder Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard University after two years of study. 微软创始人比尔盖茨在哈佛大学学习两年后辍学。And Chinese business magnate Jack Ma, failed his university entrance exams three times before going on to complete his degree and make his millions.中国商业大亨马云在大学入学考试中三度不及格，然后继续完成学位并赚了数百万。Another interesting trend is that the world's high-fliers are much more likely to be married - only 12% of billionaires are unmarried.另一个有趣的趋势是，世界上的大人物结婚的可能性要大得多——只有 12% 的亿万富翁未婚。You are also more likely to make it if you were born under the most popular star sign, Aquarius, than if you are a Cancer - the least popular sign on the zodiac. 如果你出生在最受欢迎的星座水瓶座下，你也更有可能成功，而不是巨蟹座——十二生肖中最不受欢迎的星座。Finally, the percentage of billionaires who are bald is quite high – so don't worry if you're losing your hair, you may get to sail that yacht around the Caribbean after all!最后，秃头的亿万富翁比例相当高——所以如果你掉头发也不用担心，毕竟你可能会驾驶那艘游艇环游加勒比海！词汇表a billionaire 亿万富翁a school drop-out 一个中途退学的人make ones fortune 靠个人努力发财致富university graduate 大学毕业生self-made 靠自己努力的，白手起家的entrepreneur 企业家mega rich 巨富pass your exams with flying colours 优异成绩通过考试founder 创始人drop out of (school, university) 离开，退出（学校，大学）magnate 富豪high-flier 抱负极高的人，成功人士to make it 功成名就

Have you ever fancied sailing around the world in your own yacht or buying a holiday home in the Caribbean? 您有没有想过乘坐自己的游艇环游世界或在加勒比海购买度假屋？ Well, before you get too excited, it may help to find out if you have what it takes to become a billionaire.好吧，在你太兴奋之前，看看你是否具备成为亿万富翁的条件可能会有所帮助。 We've all heard stories of school drop-outs who have made their fortune, but are they the norm or an exception to the rule? 我们都听说过辍学发家致富的故事，但他们是常态还是例外？ Do they tend to be university graduates or self-made entrepreneurs?他们往往是大学毕业生还是白手起家的企业家？  Are they married or single?他们是已婚还是单身？ Thanks to a recent analysis of people in Forbes Top 100 Billionaires List, we can now find out what the world's mega rich have in common. 由于最近对福布斯百强亿万富翁名单中的人的分析，我们现在可以找出世界上的超级富豪的共同点。 We know which star sign is the most popular amongst multi-millionaires, what percentage wear glasses and even how many are bald!我们知道哪个星座在千万富翁中最受欢迎，戴眼镜的比例是多少，甚至有多少人是秃头！ If you are deciding whether or not to go to university, it may help you to know that 76% of the richest people in the world have a degree. 如果您正在决定是否上大学，这可能会帮助您了解世界上 76% 的最富有的人拥有学位。 According to this study, of those 76%, 47% have a bachelor's degree, 23% have a master's and 6% have a doctorate. 根据这项研究，在这 76% 的人中，47% 拥有学士学位，23% 拥有硕士学位，6% 拥有博士学位。  Don't lose hope if you aren't very academic though. It's worth noting that many of those on the list did not pass all their exams with flying colours. 如果你不是很学术，不要失去希望。值得注意的是，名单上的许多人并没有以优异的成绩通过所有考试。 Microsoft founder Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard University after two years of study. 微软创始人比尔盖茨在哈佛大学学习两年后辍学。 And Chinese business magnate Jack Ma, failed his university entrance exams three times before going on to complete his degree and make his millions.中国商业大亨马云在大学入学考试中三度不及格，然后继续完成学位并赚了数百万。 Another interesting trend is that the world's high-fliers are much more likely to be married - only 12% of billionaires are unmarried.另一个有趣的趋势是，世界上的大人物结婚的可能性要大得多——只有 12% 的亿万富翁未婚。 You are also more likely to make it if you were born under the most popular star sign, Aquarius, than if you are a Cancer - the least popular sign on the zodiac. 如果你出生在最受欢迎的星座水瓶座下，你也更有可能成功，而不是巨蟹座——十二生肖中最不受欢迎的星座。 Finally, the percentage of billionaires who are bald is quite high – so don't worry if you're losing your hair, you may get to sail that yacht around the Caribbean after all!最后，秃头的亿万富翁比例相当高——所以如果你掉头发也不用担心，毕竟你可能会驾驶那艘游艇环游加勒比海！词汇表a billionaire 亿万富翁 a school drop-out 一个中途退学的人 make ones fortune 靠个人努力发财致富 university graduate 大学毕业生 self-made 靠自己努力的，白手起家的 entrepreneur 企业家 mega rich 巨富 pass your exams with flying colours 优异成绩通过考试 founder 创始人 drop out of (school, university) 离开，退出（学校，大学） magnate 富豪 high-flier 抱负极高的人，成功人士 to make it 功成名就

第1426期:How to become a billionaire

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Kara: So, planning this next trip coming up, we need to start thinking of how much money we need to save, how much money we're going to spend on flight and hotel, and how much we're gonna have to tell the other girls to bring.Lupe: Yeah, I actually meant to ask you about that just because it seems that I don't bring enough money, so this year I'm really trying to save more money. Make sure I have enough for everything. Starting with the flight, how much do you think we're gonna pay for flights this year and when do you think we should book to get the best price?Kara: Well, flights right now are running about two hundred dollars per person round trip and that includes taxes and everything, but of course the closer it gets to the date of when we're gonna go the less seats are available so they're priced higher. So, I think it's best to book at least two months before we leave and we're gonna be paying probably around two hundred dollars.Lupe: Sounds good. I think I'll have the money ready by then. So what do you think we're gonna do about hotel this year? There are gonna be six girls going so I'm thinking we can afford something a little bit more expensive this year, maybe get a nicer room, try new hotels.Kara: Yeah, that's true. It's being split between the six of us. We normally budget between a hundred and a hundred and seventy-five dollars per person and that's for three nights. So I think it will be around that range: a hundred, about a hundred and fifty, give or so a little bit.Lupe: I think the hardest part about saving money for this trip is because of how much shopping we do, so I think I really need to save the extra money for that because I know we like to spend a lot of money on shopping and also eating out. We've been wanting to do nicer restaurants so how much do you plan on bringing this year?Kara: Well, it's hard to say really. We also have to take into account cabs and the gambling we want to do. My normal rule of thumb when I go to Las Vegas is to at least bring a hundred dollars per day, but that doesn't include my money for shopping, so normally to gamble a little bit with, for cabs, and for entrance fees, and shopping is extra on top of that. But that's another problem I've always noticed. people never have change for the cabs. We need to tell everybody to bring one dollar bills and five dollar bills so that they can pay the cabs.Lupe: Not only for cabs, but you know in Vegas we're constantly having to tips everybody: the people that carry our bags in, the cab drivers, and even bouncers at the doors for the night clubs when we go dancing, so we definitely need to let everybody to know to be prepared and always have a lot of cash on them - exact change to.Kara: Yeah, or else we end up footing the bill.

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Kara: So, planning this next trip coming up, we need to start thinking of how much money we need to save, how much money we're going to spend on flight and hotel, and how much we're gonna have to tell the other girls to bring.Lupe: Yeah, I actually meant to ask you about that just because it seems that I don't bring enough money, so this year I'm really trying to save more money. Make sure I have enough for everything. Starting with the flight, how much do you think we're gonna pay for flights this year and when do you think we should book to get the best price?Kara: Well, flights right now are running about two hundred dollars per person round trip and that includes taxes and everything, but of course the closer it gets to the date of when we're gonna go the less seats are available so they're priced higher. So, I think it's best to book at least two months before we leave and we're gonna be paying probably around two hundred dollars.Lupe: Sounds good. I think I'll have the money ready by then. So what do you think we're gonna do about hotel this year? There are gonna be six girls going so I'm thinking we can afford something a little bit more expensive this year, maybe get a nicer room, try new hotels.Kara: Yeah, that's true. It's being split between the six of us. We normally budget between a hundred and a hundred and seventy-five dollars per person and that's for three nights. So I think it will be around that range: a hundred, about a hundred and fifty, give or so a little bit.Lupe: I think the hardest part about saving money for this trip is because of how much shopping we do, so I think I really need to save the extra money for that because I know we like to spend a lot of money on shopping and also eating out. We've been wanting to do nicer restaurants so how much do you plan on bringing this year?Kara: Well, it's hard to say really. We also have to take into account cabs and the gambling we want to do. My normal rule of thumb when I go to Las Vegas is to at least bring a hundred dollars per day, but that doesn't include my money for shopping, so normally to gamble a little bit with, for cabs, and for entrance fees, and shopping is extra on top of that. But that's another problem I've always noticed. people never have change for the cabs. We need to tell everybody to bring one dollar bills and five dollar bills so that they can pay the cabs.Lupe: Not only for cabs, but you know in Vegas we're constantly having to tips everybody: the people that carry our bags in, the cab drivers, and even bouncers at the doors for the night clubs when we go dancing, so we definitely need to let everybody to know to be prepared and always have a lot of cash on them - exact change to.Kara: Yeah, or else we end up footing the bill.

第545期: Tight Budget

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Lupe: My mom is actually interested in going to Vegas. She's never been there and she knows you and I have been there quite a few times, so she was wondering maybe if we could give her some do's and don'ts about going to Vegas because she's never been there and I sort of explained to her some of the good things about Vegas and some of the things she shouldn't do, but I think I'm missing a few things. What do you think?Kara: Well, I think the most important thing about Las Vegas is to wear comfortable shoes. You do so much walking there it's ridiculous so I think to wear flat comfortable shoes, tennis shoes, whatever you're most comfortable in. I've had many days or nights with blisters all over my feet, so that's the number one 'do': wear comfortable shoes.Lupe: That's true. I did forget about that just because, you know, staying there either you take a cab everywhere, but most people want to do sightseeing and looking at the different hotels, it's a really beautiful place so she will be doing a lot of walking, so I'll definitely keep that in mind and let her know.Kara: Another thing I would say is to wear comfortable clothing because when you walk into the casino, if you go in the summer, it's extremely warm there: a hundred degrees or more, and even in the middle of the night it's still that warm outside, but when you walk into the casinos, they have the air-conditioning set at seventy degrees, so outside you get really, really warm and then inside you start getting really cold, so it's good to dress in layers and to be comfortable whatever you're wearing.Lupe: And remember the first time you and I went, I did think it was a bit too long of a trip so maybe I should tell her to keep it short because it can get really expensive after a few days.Kara: Yeah, Vegas isn't a place you wanna be more than three days. You've had enough gambling, enough shows, enough sightseeing, it's about time to head home, so I would say to keep it short. It's close enough, you can always go back, but...Lupe: And definitely bring enough money because after being there for four days the last time we were there, we did run out of money. So I should definitely tell her that.Kara: That we did but your mom doesn't shop as much as us, so I think she'll do OK as long as she stays away from the slot machines.

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Lupe: My mom is actually interested in going to Vegas. She's never been there and she knows you and I have been there quite a few times, so she was wondering maybe if we could give her some do's and don'ts about going to Vegas because she's never been there and I sort of explained to her some of the good things about Vegas and some of the things she shouldn't do, but I think I'm missing a few things. What do you think?Kara: Well, I think the most important thing about Las Vegas is to wear comfortable shoes. You do so much walking there it's ridiculous so I think to wear flat comfortable shoes, tennis shoes, whatever you're most comfortable in. I've had many days or nights with blisters all over my feet, so that's the number one 'do': wear comfortable shoes.Lupe: That's true. I did forget about that just because, you know, staying there either you take a cab everywhere, but most people want to do sightseeing and looking at the different hotels, it's a really beautiful place so she will be doing a lot of walking, so I'll definitely keep that in mind and let her know.Kara: Another thing I would say is to wear comfortable clothing because when you walk into the casino, if you go in the summer, it's extremely warm there: a hundred degrees or more, and even in the middle of the night it's still that warm outside, but when you walk into the casinos, they have the air-conditioning set at seventy degrees, so outside you get really, really warm and then inside you start getting really cold, so it's good to dress in layers and to be comfortable whatever you're wearing.Lupe: And remember the first time you and I went, I did think it was a bit too long of a trip so maybe I should tell her to keep it short because it can get really expensive after a few days.Kara: Yeah, Vegas isn't a place you wanna be more than three days. You've had enough gambling, enough shows, enough sightseeing, it's about time to head home, so I would say to keep it short. It's close enough, you can always go back, but...Lupe: And definitely bring enough money because after being there for four days the last time we were there, we did run out of money. So I should definitely tell her that.Kara: That we did but your mom doesn't shop as much as us, so I think she'll do OK as long as she stays away from the slot machines.

第546期:Vegas Tips

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Jeff: So, you do winter sports?Tim: Ah, yeah, really, I just do snowshoeing and cross-country skiing.Jeff: Snowshoeing!Tim: Yeah.Jeff: That sounds interesting. What snowshoe? Is that like a boot?Tim: Well, it's kind of hard to explain but it's kind of like a big - I don't know how you would say it - kind of like a big paddle that you strap on to your boot. You have a regular boot, your good boots and then you put a big flat kind of round thing on the bottom of your shoe.Jeff: What's it made of?Tim: Well, it is made out of kind of webbing. It's made out of webbing and basically, it spreads out your weight so that you can walk on snow, cause if you don't have them and you just have your regular boots you're gonna fall into the snow, so it distributes your weight out onto the snow.Jeff: So are they heavy?Tim: They can be, but like a long time ago they used to have huge ones that were made out of like skins and stuff like that from seals but now they're pretty light. They're made out of metals and good materials so they are pretty light now.Jeff: Are they expensive?Tim: They can be, but not too bad and you can rent them probably almost anywhere.Jeff: And how deep is the snow when you're walking with snowshoes? How deep is the snow?Tim: Well, it depends on how much it snowed really. You know it can be really really deep: something that is going to cover up a car, or it can be barely deep at all. Like I've taken snowshoes out on my pack - I was hiking Yosemite and we hiked up and there wasn't any snow at first as we got, there was more and more and then it got to the point where we were sinking in the snow and it was time to put on the snowshoes.Jeff: So, they're not heavy. Do your legs get very tired when you are walking in snowshoes?Tim: Not too bad really unless sometimes the snow isn't really dry. It's really wet snow and sometimes it will kind of clump on the snowshoes and then the snow will make it really, really heavy, so you got to knock them off and that can get really heavy and your legs can get tired.Jeff: And how do you put them on? How do you attach them to your boots or?Tim: Well, you just lay them down and they're some straps on them and you just put the straps on pull them tight. It's a lot like snowboarding really except you don't have click on boots. They're some straps you just pull on.Jeff: Cool. It sounds pretty cool.Tim: Yeah, it is not bad.

更多英语知识，请关注微信公众号: VOA英语每日一听Jeff: So, you do winter sports?Tim: Ah, yeah, really, I just do snowshoeing and cross-country skiing.Jeff: Snowshoeing!Tim: Yeah.Jeff: That sounds interesting. What snowshoe? Is that like a boot?Tim: Well, it's kind of hard to explain but it's kind of like a big - I don't know how you would say it - kind of like a big paddle that you strap on to your boot. You have a regular boot, your good boots and then you put a big flat kind of round thing on the bottom of your shoe.Jeff: What's it made of?Tim: Well, it is made out of kind of webbing. It's made out of webbing and basically, it spreads out your weight so that you can walk on snow, cause if you don't have them and you just have your regular boots you're gonna fall into the snow, so it distributes your weight out onto the snow.Jeff: So are they heavy?Tim: They can be, but like a long time ago they used to have huge ones that were made out of like skins and stuff like that from seals but now they're pretty light. They're made out of metals and good materials so they are pretty light now.Jeff: Are they expensive?Tim: They can be, but not too bad and you can rent them probably almost anywhere.Jeff: And how deep is the snow when you're walking with snowshoes? How deep is the snow?Tim: Well, it depends on how much it snowed really. You know it can be really really deep: something that is going to cover up a car, or it can be barely deep at all. Like I've taken snowshoes out on my pack - I was hiking Yosemite and we hiked up and there wasn't any snow at first as we got, there was more and more and then it got to the point where we were sinking in the snow and it was time to put on the snowshoes.Jeff: So, they're not heavy. Do your legs get very tired when you are walking in snowshoes?Tim: Not too bad really unless sometimes the snow isn't really dry. It's really wet snow and sometimes it will kind of clump on the snowshoes and then the snow will make it really, really heavy, so you got to knock them off and that can get really heavy and your legs can get tired.Jeff: And how do you put them on? How do you attach them to your boots or?Tim: Well, you just lay them down and they're some straps on them and you just put the straps on pull them tight. It's a lot like snowboarding really except you don't have click on boots. They're some straps you just pull on.Jeff: Cool. It sounds pretty cool.Tim: Yeah, it is not bad.

第547期:Snow Shoes

We hear a lot about team building these days. 这些天我们听到了很多关于团队建设的消息。Team-building gurus are hired by some corporations to lecture us on how to work more effectively with each other. 一些公司聘请了团队建设大师来教我们如何更有效地合作。And they organise awaydays - a time employees spend together away from their usual workplace.他们还组织休假日——员工们在远离日常工作场所的地方一起度过的时光。Here in the UK, employees can take part in activities such as Zombie boot camps where military instructors train you how to fight walking 'dead people'. 在英国，员工可以参加诸如僵尸训练营之类的活动，在那里，军事教官会训练您如何与行走的“死人”搏斗。For the brainier office workers amongst us there are crime investigations modelled on popular TV dramas like Sherlock Holmes and CSI.对于我们当中比较聪明的上班族来说，有一些犯罪调查以流行电视剧为蓝本，比如福尔摩斯和 CSI。Stressed-out city workers might have ukulele lessons made available to them. 压力大的城市工作人员可能会为他们提供四弦琴课程。Why is that a good team-building exercise? Ukulele teacher Lorraine Bow says: "The fact that they can play a musical instrument within an hour is quite a fulfilling thing, really.为什么这是一个很好的团队建设练习？ Ukulele 老师 Lorraine Bow 说：“他们可以在一个小时内演奏乐器，真的是一件很充实的事情。 It's not competitive – it's quite easy to do and a bit less intimidating than a guitar…"它没有竞争力——它很容易做到，而且比吉他不那么令人生畏……”Actually, a horse might be a bit more intimidating than an instrument. 实际上，一匹马可能比一件乐器更令人生畏。The animals are used by a company in Abu Dhabi which teaches leadership through horse training. Basically, you have to go in a yard with a horse and persuade it that you're the boss by using body language.这些动物被阿布扎比的一家公司使用，该公司通过马匹训练来教授领导能力。基本上，你必须带着一匹马去院子里，用肢体语言说服它你是老板。Kelly Eide, co-founder of True Leadership, says: "The horses don't care if your hair is purple, if you're a man or a woman, if you're old or young... 真正领导力的联合创始人凯利艾德说：“马不在乎你的头发是紫色的，是男人还是女人，是老是少……It transcends all of those cultural boundaries – age, gender, religion, tradition etc. – so that's a perfect fit. 它超越了所有这些文化界限——年龄、性别、宗教、传统等——所以这是一个完美的契合。And in an organization where you really need groups of people to gel, who come from backgrounds which have no common norms, you can teach that most efficiently with a horse."在一个你真的需要一群人来凝聚的组织中，他们来自没有共同规范的背景，你可以用一匹马最有效地教授这一点。”And the horse feels instinctively whether or not you are a natural leader. 无论你是不是天生的领导者，马都会本能地感觉到。So if after you've done a good presentation your boss offers you a carrot, you'll know where he might have learnt it from.因此，如果在你做了一个很好的演示之后，你的老板给了你一根胡萝卜，你就会知道他可能从哪里学到的。词汇表team building      团队建设guru      领袖，权威corporation      公司，企业effectively      有效地awayday      息工日workplace      工作地点，工作场所boot camp      训练营brainier (brainy)      更为精明的stressed-out      （因精神压力）精疲力尽的ukulele      尤克里里琴fulfilling      充实的，令人满意的competitive      竞争的leadership      领导能力to persuade       说服body language      肢体语言to transcend      超越to gel      （团队成员）相互磨合

We hear a lot about team building these days. 这些天我们听到了很多关于团队建设的消息。 Team-building gurus are hired by some corporations to lecture us on how to work more effectively with each other. 一些公司聘请了团队建设大师来教我们如何更有效地合作。 And they organise awaydays - a time employees spend together away from their usual workplace.他们还组织休假日——员工们在远离日常工作场所的地方一起度过的时光。 Here in the UK, employees can take part in activities such as Zombie boot camps where military instructors train you how to fight walking 'dead people'. 在英国，员工可以参加诸如僵尸训练营之类的活动，在那里，军事教官会训练您如何与行走的“死人”搏斗。 For the brainier office workers amongst us there are crime investigations modelled on popular TV dramas like Sherlock Holmes and CSI.对于我们当中比较聪明的上班族来说，有一些犯罪调查以流行电视剧为蓝本，比如福尔摩斯和 CSI。 Stressed-out city workers might have ukulele lessons made available to them. 压力大的城市工作人员可能会为他们提供四弦琴课程。 Why is that a good team-building exercise? Ukulele teacher Lorraine Bow says: "The fact that they can play a musical instrument within an hour is quite a fulfilling thing, really.为什么这是一个很好的团队建设练习？ Ukulele 老师 Lorraine Bow 说：“他们可以在一个小时内演奏乐器，真的是一件很充实的事情。  It's not competitive – it's quite easy to do and a bit less intimidating than a guitar…"它没有竞争力——它很容易做到，而且比吉他不那么令人生畏……” Actually, a horse might be a bit more intimidating than an instrument. 实际上，一匹马可能比一件乐器更令人生畏。 The animals are used by a company in Abu Dhabi which teaches leadership through horse training. Basically, you have to go in a yard with a horse and persuade it that you're the boss by using body language.这些动物被阿布扎比的一家公司使用，该公司通过马匹训练来教授领导能力。基本上，你必须带着一匹马去院子里，用肢体语言说服它你是老板。 Kelly Eide, co-founder of True Leadership, says: "The horses don't care if your hair is purple, if you're a man or a woman, if you're old or young... 真正领导力的联合创始人凯利艾德说：“马不在乎你的头发是紫色的，是男人还是女人，是老是少…… It transcends all of those cultural boundaries – age, gender, religion, tradition etc. – so that's a perfect fit. 它超越了所有这些文化界限——年龄、性别、宗教、传统等——所以这是一个完美的契合。 And in an organization where you really need groups of people to gel, who come from backgrounds which have no common norms, you can teach that most efficiently with a horse."在一个你真的需要一群人来凝聚的组织中，他们来自没有共同规范的背景，你可以用一匹马最有效地教授这一点。” And the horse feels instinctively whether or not you are a natural leader. 无论你是不是天生的领导者，马都会本能地感觉到。 So if after you've done a good presentation your boss offers you a carrot, you'll know where he might have learnt it from.因此，如果在你做了一个很好的演示之后，你的老板给了你一根胡萝卜，你就会知道他可能从哪里学到的。词汇表team building      团队建设 guru      领袖，权威 corporation      公司，企业 effectively      有效地 awayday      息工日 workplace      工作地点，工作场所 boot camp      训练营 brainier (brainy)      更为精明的 stressed-out      （因精神压力）精疲力尽的 ukulele      尤克里里琴 fulfilling      充实的，令人满意的 competitive      竞争的 leadership      领导能力 to persuade       说服 body language      肢体语言 to transcend      超越 to gel      （团队成员）相互磨合

第1425期:Are you a team player？

When looking at Western Europe, we don't usually think about poverty - but in fact, some people in modern-day Britain are so hard up that they can't afford to buy food.Back in 2008, the financial crisis caused a lot of redundancies. Then there were the cuts to the welfare system in 2013 which added to the problem - and many British people fell into debt. It's estimated that 500,000 people in the UK have turned to food banks, just to get by.Steph Hagen, who works in a Nottingham food bank, says: "People do not go to a food bank because it's an open door. It's a case of they go to it because they need to. With our food bank - we are an independent one, and we have limited stocks - everyone who comes through our door has no income whatsoever."There are checks and referrals to make sure nobody is abusing the system. If a doctor or a social worker thinks someone needs to use a food bank - even for a short time - they can give them vouchers. Then the people in need take the vouchers along to the food bank and they get handouts for three days.Churches and individual donors provide most of the food in the banks. But some businesses might help out too.And what sort of food is offered in food banks? Hagen says: "Basically, we've got porridge. We do occasionally get fresh produce but it's very rare, especially in the winter months. It's like, tinned fruit, tinned ready meals. We have to give out 'no-cooking' food parcels because people can't afford the gas and electricity".Community spirit has a lot to do with food banks. Volunteers say they are a great meeting place for people who are lonely and depressed. And when facing a crisis, some beneficiaries might need to feed not only their belly - but also their soul.词汇表hard up 拮据，经济困难to afford 负担得起，买得起financial crisis 金融危机redundancy 裁员welfare system 福利体系to fall into debt 负债a food bank 食物银行（食物赈济处）to get by 勉强过活limited stock 有限的存货，库存有限a referral （官方的）送交、移交，引见to abuse the system 滥用制度、体系a voucher 票券，代金券a handout 救济品a donor 捐赠者a ready meal 现成食品community spirit 社区精神a volunteer 志愿者a beneficiary 受益者，受惠者

When looking at Western Europe, we don't usually think about poverty - but in fact, some people in modern-day Britain are so hard up that they can't afford to buy food.Back in 2008, the financial crisis caused a lot of redundancies. Then there were the cuts to the welfare system in 2013 which added to the problem - and many British people fell into debt. It's estimated that 500,000 people in the UK have turned to food banks, just to get by.Steph Hagen, who works in a Nottingham food bank, says: "People do not go to a food bank because it's an open door. It's a case of they go to it because they need to. With our food bank - we are an independent one, and we have limited stocks - everyone who comes through our door has no income whatsoever."There are checks and referrals to make sure nobody is abusing the system. If a doctor or a social worker thinks someone needs to use a food bank - even for a short time - they can give them vouchers. Then the people in need take the vouchers along to the food bank and they get handouts for three days.Churches and individual donors provide most of the food in the banks. But some businesses might help out too.And what sort of food is offered in food banks? Hagen says: "Basically, we've got porridge. We do occasionally get fresh produce but it's very rare, especially in the winter months. It's like, tinned fruit, tinned ready meals. We have to give out 'no-cooking' food parcels because people can't afford the gas and electricity".Community spirit has a lot to do with food banks. Volunteers say they are a great meeting place for people who are lonely and depressed. And when facing a crisis, some beneficiaries might need to feed not only their belly - but also their soul.词汇表hard up 拮据，经济困难to afford 负担得起，买得起financial crisis 金融危机redundancy 裁员welfare system 福利体系to fall into debt 负债a food bank 食物银行（食物赈济处）to get by 勉强过活limited stock 有限的存货，库存有限a referral （官方的）送交、移交，引见to abuse the system 滥用制度、体系a voucher 票券，代金券a handout 救济品a donor 捐赠者a ready meal 现成食品community spirit 社区精神a volunteer 志愿者a beneficiary 受益者，受惠者

第1388期:Food banks in the UK

1. 每日早8点准时为您送上多样化的口音(美式+英式+非标准式)听力，让您轻松听懂不同背景人士的英语口音。2. 适合各阶层的人士学习。3. 新的节目有文稿，有字幕，有生词解释，有中文翻译(由机器翻译，有少许生硬，不影响理解)。4. 建议反复听的同时也进行跟读以训练嘴巴，有助于您的口语发音。5. 借助喜马拉雅的app可以循环播放和下载。6. 不求您打赏，也不设付费，若对您有帮助，烦请分享和转发，这是对本专辑最大的鼓励。7. 最后感谢您订阅此频道，若有任何疑问或需要其它帮助，请留言或私信我，谢谢。

Are men able to dance? Well, if I am an example, then no – I have two left feet and taking to the dance floor just fills me with dread. But of course, we know that most of us have the potential to throw some shapes, so what is it that's stopping us?男人会跳舞吗？好吧，如果我是一个例子，那么不——我有两只左脚，走上舞池让我充满恐惧。但是，当然，我们知道我们大多数人都有可能做出一些形状，那么是什么阻止了我们呢？If you've ever watched glamorous and glitzy dance shows on TV, like the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, you'll know that there are men who have great dexterity and fancy footwork on the dancefloor. These professional dancers have spent years learning and performing ballroom dances such as the waltz, foxtrot and tango.如果您曾经在电视上观看过迷人而炫目的舞蹈节目，例如 BBC 的《舞动起来》，您就会知道在舞池中有些人非常灵巧，步法也很奇特。这些专业舞者花费数年时间学习和表演交际舞，如华尔兹、狐步舞和探戈。But for a majority of us men, we still prefer to spectate rather than participate. And according to a survey commissioned by BBC Radio 5 live, over three quarters of British men have never or rarely danced. It found that over a third of men surveyed wouldn't strut their stuff, let alone perform a paso doble, on the dancefloor because they were too embarrassed. And ten per cent said what put them off was fear of being the centre of attention, being made fun of, or being judged.但对于我们大多数人来说，我们仍然更喜欢旁观而不是参与。根据 BBC Radio 5 live 委托进行的一项调查，超过四分之三的英国男性从未或很少跳舞。调查发现，超过三分之一的受访男性不会在舞池上炫耀自己的东西，更不用说在舞池上表演了，因为他们太尴尬了。10% 的人说让他们反感的是害怕成为关注的中心、被取笑或被评判。Women may say we have to get a grip, get on our feet and just let ourselves go! Easier said than done. But what helps is a crowded dancefloor where there is safety in numbers. And according to the survey, many men need a drink. One man questioned said, "I don't think I'm very good at it and therefore need some Dutch courage to get me on the floor."女人可能会说我们必须抓紧，站起来，放手！说起来容易做起来难。但有帮助的是一个拥挤的舞池，那里的人数是安全的。而且根据调查，很多男人都需要喝一杯。一名被问到的人说：“我认为我不是很擅长，因此需要一些荷兰人的勇气才能让我上场。”One place where the alcohol is flowing is usually at a wedding, so, maybe unsurprisingly, the BBC survey found that 75% of men had previously danced at one. These are also the situations where partners of boyfriends and husbands can persuade them to move to the groove of the music! However, this is the time to witness some 'dad dancing' which is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "An awkward, unfashionable, or unrestrained style of dancing to pop music, as characteristically performed by middle-aged or older men." Surely that's not me!酒精流动的地方通常是在婚礼上，因此，也许不足为奇的是，英国广播公司的调查发现，75% 的男性以前曾在一次婚礼上跳舞。这些也是男朋友和丈夫的伴侣可以说服他们跟随音乐的情况！然而，现在是时候见证一些“爸爸跳舞”了，它在牛津英语词典中被定义为：“一种笨拙、不时尚或不受约束的流行音乐舞蹈风格，通常由中年或老年男性表演。”那肯定不是我！So let's face it, us men just need help. We need training, we need to practise and we need to lose our inhibitions. One convert, Gareth Dew, who took part in the survey, says, "I think to be able to dance you need to be able to let loose, be aware of your body and generally be more comfortable in yourself." Would you agree?  所以让我们面对现实吧，我们男人只是需要帮助。我们需要训练，我们需要练习，我们需要摆脱束缚。参与调查的一位皈依者 Gareth Dew 说：“我认为要能够跳舞，你需要能够放松，注意自己的身体，并且通常对自己更舒服。”你会同意吗？词汇表two left feet “两只左脚”，跳舞时舞步笨拙dance floor 舞池throw some shapes 跳舞glitzy 耀眼夺目的dexterity 敏捷度，娴熟性footwork 步法，脚步动作waltz 华尔兹舞foxtrot 狐步舞tango 探戈舞spectate 观看strut one’s stuff（为引起他人注意）夸张、卖弄地跳舞paso doble 斗牛舞centre of attention 瞩目的焦点get a grip 放下负担，试着去跳舞safety in numbers 人多保险Dutch courage 酒胆，酒后之勇move to the groove 跳舞dad dancing “爸爸式舞姿”（较笨拙、过时的舞步）unrestrained 不受限制的inhibition 拘束，顾虑convert 行为已经转变的人let loose 放松

Are men able to dance? Well, if I am an example, then no – I have two left feet and taking to the dance floor just fills me with dread. But of course, we know that most of us have the potential to throw some shapes, so what is it that's stopping us?男人会跳舞吗？好吧，如果我是一个例子，那么不——我有两只左脚，走上舞池让我充满恐惧。但是，当然，我们知道我们大多数人都有可能做出一些形状，那么是什么阻止了我们呢？If you've ever watched glamorous and glitzy dance shows on TV, like the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, you'll know that there are men who have great dexterity and fancy footwork on the dancefloor. These professional dancers have spent years learning and performing ballroom dances such as the waltz, foxtrot and tango.如果您曾经在电视上观看过迷人而炫目的舞蹈节目，例如 BBC 的《舞动起来》，您就会知道在舞池中有些人非常灵巧，步法也很奇特。这些专业舞者花费数年时间学习和表演交际舞，如华尔兹、狐步舞和探戈。But for a majority of us men, we still prefer to spectate rather than participate. And according to a survey commissioned by BBC Radio 5 live, over three quarters of British men have never or rarely danced. It found that over a third of men surveyed wouldn't strut their stuff, let alone perform a paso doble, on the dancefloor because they were too embarrassed. And ten per cent said what put them off was fear of being the centre of attention, being made fun of, or being judged.但对于我们大多数人来说，我们仍然更喜欢旁观而不是参与。根据 BBC Radio 5 live 委托进行的一项调查，超过四分之三的英国男性从未或很少跳舞。调查发现，超过三分之一的受访男性不会在舞池上炫耀自己的东西，更不用说在舞池上表演了，因为他们太尴尬了。10% 的人说让他们反感的是害怕成为关注的中心、被取笑或被评判。Women may say we have to get a grip, get on our feet and just let ourselves go! Easier said than done. But what helps is a crowded dancefloor where there is safety in numbers. And according to the survey, many men need a drink. One man questioned said, "I don't think I'm very good at it and therefore need some Dutch courage to get me on the floor."女人可能会说我们必须抓紧，站起来，放手！说起来容易做起来难。但有帮助的是一个拥挤的舞池，那里的人数是安全的。而且根据调查，很多男人都需要喝一杯。一名被问到的人说：“我认为我不是很擅长，因此需要一些荷兰人的勇气才能让我上场。”One place where the alcohol is flowing is usually at a wedding, so, maybe unsurprisingly, the BBC survey found that 75% of men had previously danced at one. These are also the situations where partners of boyfriends and husbands can persuade them to move to the groove of the music! However, this is the time to witness some 'dad dancing' which is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "An awkward, unfashionable, or unrestrained style of dancing to pop music, as characteristically performed by middle-aged or older men." Surely that's not me!酒精流动的地方通常是在婚礼上，因此，也许不足为奇的是，英国广播公司的调查发现，75% 的男性以前曾在一次婚礼上跳舞。这些也是男朋友和丈夫的伴侣可以说服他们跟随音乐的情况！然而，现在是时候见证一些“爸爸跳舞”了，它在牛津英语词典中被定义为：“一种笨拙、不时尚或不受约束的流行音乐舞蹈风格，通常由中年或老年男性表演。”那肯定不是我！So let's face it, us men just need help. We need training, we need to practise and we need to lose our inhibitions. One convert, Gareth Dew, who took part in the survey, says, "I think to be able to dance you need to be able to let loose, be aware of your body and generally be more comfortable in yourself." Would you agree?  所以让我们面对现实吧，我们男人只是需要帮助。我们需要训练，我们需要练习，我们需要摆脱束缚。参与调查的一位皈依者 Gareth Dew 说：“我认为要能够跳舞，你需要能够放松，注意自己的身体，并且通常对自己更舒服。”你会同意吗？词汇表two left feet “两只左脚”，跳舞时舞步笨拙 dance floor 舞池 throw some shapes 跳舞 glitzy 耀眼夺目的 dexterity 敏捷度，娴熟性 footwork 步法，脚步动作 waltz 华尔兹舞 foxtrot 狐步舞 tango 探戈舞 spectate 观看 strut one’s stuff（为引起他人注意）夸张、卖弄地跳舞 paso doble 斗牛舞 centre of attention 瞩目的焦点 get a grip 放下负担，试着去跳舞 safety in numbers 人多保险 Dutch courage 酒胆，酒后之勇 move to the groove 跳舞 dad dancing “爸爸式舞姿”（较笨拙、过时的舞步） unrestrained 不受限制的 inhibition 拘束，顾虑 convert 行为已经转变的人 let loose 放松

第1519期:Can men dance?

As a dog lover, our canine companions always fill me with joy. Whether pedigree or mongrel, tame or stray, whenever I see one, I smile. After all, their loyalty is indisputable, their companionship is always welcome, they fetch for us, guard for us and even work for us when required. Good old Fido has always been close to my, and many other’s hearts.作为爱狗人士，我们的犬类伙伴总是让我充满喜悦。无论是纯种还是杂种，驯服还是流浪，每当我看到一个，我都会微笑。毕竟，他们的忠诚是无可争辩的，他们的陪伴总是受欢迎的，他们为我们取物，为我们守护，甚至在需要时为我们工作。善良的老 Fido 一直贴近我和许多其他人的心。Well, not content with just warming the cockles of your heart, it seems that our four-legged-friends actually lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a 2017 scientific study, which looked at 3.4 million Swedes from 2001 to 2012.好吧，根据 2017 年的一项科学研究，从 2001 年到 2012 年，对 340 万瑞典人进行的一项科学研究表明，我们的四足朋友似乎并不满足于仅仅温暖你的心脏，实际上降低了患心血管疾病的风险。The study concluded that this lower risk, which was particularly evident in owners of hunting breeds, may not just be due to the increased physical activity that goes hand-in-hand with owning a dog, but could also be down to dogs increasing the owner’s social contact, or by changing the owner's bacterial microbiome, which is the collection of microscopic species that live in the gut. Dogs change the dirt in home environments and therefore expose people to bacteria that they would otherwise not encounter.该研究得出的结论是，这种较低的风险在狩猎品种的主人中尤为明显，这可能不仅是由于与养狗密切相关的体力活动增加，还可能是由于狗增加了主人的体力活动。社会接触，或者通过改变主人的细菌微生物组，这是生活在肠道中的微观物种的集合。狗会改变家庭环境中的污垢，从而使人们接触到他们不会遇到的细菌。These effects were particularly marked in those who lived on their lonesome. According to Mwenya Mubanga of Uppsala University and lead author of the study, “single dog owners had a 33% reduction in risk of death and an 11% reduction in risk of cardiac arrest compared to single non-owners.”这些影响在那些独自生活的人身上尤为明显。根据乌普萨拉大学的 Mwenya Mubanga 和该研究的主要作者，“与单身非主人相比，单身狗主人的死亡风险降低了 33%，心脏骤停的风险降低了 11%。”However, before your heart skips a beat, Tove Fall, senior author of the study, also adds that there may be limitations. It’s possible that the differences between owners and non-owners, which already existed before the dog was bought, could have influenced the results – or that people who are generally more active also tend to get a dog anyway.然而，在您心跳加速之前，该研究的资深作者 Tove Fall 还补充说，可能存在局限性。在购买狗之前已经存在的所有者和非所有者之间的差异可能会影响结果 - 或者通常更活跃的人也倾向于养狗。It seems that the results are not as clear cut as they initially appear to be, but as far as I’m concerned, that’s ok. I love dogs for how they make me feel and, cardiovascular benefits or not, they’ll always be top dog to me – cross my heart.结果似乎并不像最初看起来那样清晰，但就我而言，没关系。我喜欢狗，因为它们给我的感觉，不管是否对心血管有益，它们对我来说永远是最重要的——让我心碎。词汇表canine 犬的pedigree（动物）纯种mongrel 杂种狗tame（尤指动物）温顺的stray 流浪的companionship 陪伴，友谊fetch 拿来，取回，guard 守卫，保护Fido 对宠物狗的一个通用名称close to one’s heart 贴近某人的心warm the cockles of your heart 温暖你的内心cardiovascular 心血管的breed（动物）品种physical activity 体育运动social contact 社会关系，社会往来bacterial microbiome 细菌微生物群gut 肠道on one’s lonesome 单独的，独自的cardiac arrest 心脏停搏your heart skips a beat（形容紧张或兴奋）心跳停了一下top dog 最好的狗，胜利者cross my heart 我保证所说属实

As a dog lover, our canine companions always fill me with joy. Whether pedigree or mongrel, tame or stray, whenever I see one, I smile. After all, their loyalty is indisputable, their companionship is always welcome, they fetch for us, guard for us and even work for us when required. Good old Fido has always been close to my, and many other’s hearts.作为爱狗人士，我们的犬类伙伴总是让我充满喜悦。无论是纯种还是杂种，驯服还是流浪，每当我看到一个，我都会微笑。毕竟，他们的忠诚是无可争辩的，他们的陪伴总是受欢迎的，他们为我们取物，为我们守护，甚至在需要时为我们工作。善良的老 Fido 一直贴近我和许多其他人的心。Well, not content with just warming the cockles of your heart, it seems that our four-legged-friends actually lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a 2017 scientific study, which looked at 3.4 million Swedes from 2001 to 2012.好吧，根据 2017 年的一项科学研究，从 2001 年到 2012 年，对 340 万瑞典人进行的一项科学研究表明，我们的四足朋友似乎并不满足于仅仅温暖你的心脏，实际上降低了患心血管疾病的风险。The study concluded that this lower risk, which was particularly evident in owners of hunting breeds, may not just be due to the increased physical activity that goes hand-in-hand with owning a dog, but could also be down to dogs increasing the owner’s social contact, or by changing the owner's bacterial microbiome, which is the collection of microscopic species that live in the gut. Dogs change the dirt in home environments and therefore expose people to bacteria that they would otherwise not encounter.该研究得出的结论是，这种较低的风险在狩猎品种的主人中尤为明显，这可能不仅是由于与养狗密切相关的体力活动增加，还可能是由于狗增加了主人的体力活动。社会接触，或者通过改变主人的细菌微生物组，这是生活在肠道中的微观物种的集合。狗会改变家庭环境中的污垢，从而使人们接触到他们不会遇到的细菌。These effects were particularly marked in those who lived on their lonesome. According to Mwenya Mubanga of Uppsala University and lead author of the study, “single dog owners had a 33% reduction in risk of death and an 11% reduction in risk of cardiac arrest compared to single non-owners.”这些影响在那些独自生活的人身上尤为明显。根据乌普萨拉大学的 Mwenya Mubanga 和该研究的主要作者，“与单身非主人相比，单身狗主人的死亡风险降低了 33%，心脏骤停的风险降低了 11%。”However, before your heart skips a beat, Tove Fall, senior author of the study, also adds that there may be limitations. It’s possible that the differences between owners and non-owners, which already existed before the dog was bought, could have influenced the results – or that people who are generally more active also tend to get a dog anyway.然而，在您心跳加速之前，该研究的资深作者 Tove Fall 还补充说，可能存在局限性。在购买狗之前已经存在的所有者和非所有者之间的差异可能会影响结果 - 或者通常更活跃的人也倾向于养狗。It seems that the results are not as clear cut as they initially appear to be, but as far as I’m concerned, that’s ok. I love dogs for how they make me feel and, cardiovascular benefits or not, they’ll always be top dog to me – cross my heart.结果似乎并不像最初看起来那样清晰，但就我而言，没关系。我喜欢狗，因为它们给我的感觉，不管是否对心血管有益，它们对我来说永远是最重要的——让我心碎。词汇表canine 犬的 pedigree（动物）纯种 mongrel 杂种狗 tame（尤指动物）温顺的 stray 流浪的 companionship 陪伴，友谊 fetch 拿来，取回， guard 守卫，保护 Fido 对宠物狗的一个通用名称 close to one’s heart 贴近某人的心 warm the cockles of your heart 温暖你的内心 cardiovascular 心血管的 breed（动物）品种 physical activity 体育运动 social contact 社会关系，社会往来 bacterial microbiome 细菌微生物群 gut 肠道 on one’s lonesome 单独的，独自的 cardiac arrest 心脏停搏 your heart skips a beat（形容紧张或兴奋）心跳停了一下 top dog 最好的狗，胜利者 cross my heart 我保证所说属实

第1518期:The dogs who safeguard our hearts

We all have a different approach to money – some of us like to spend it as soon as we have it, even splashing the cash on extravagant things, while some of us like to hold on to it and spend it carefully. But for people who are very savvy about their cash, there are a number of interesting ways to invest it and, if things go well, make a tidy profit.我们都有不同的理财方式——我们中的一些人喜欢一有钱就花掉，甚至把钱花在奢侈的东西上，而我们中的一些人喜欢抓住它并小心翼翼地花钱。但对于非常精通现金的人来说，有许多有趣的投资方式，如果事情进展顺利，可以获得可观的利润。Buying stamps, wine, coins and books are all different ways of investing your money. It comes with risks but can be thrilling as, hopefully, you watch the value of your investment rise. However, you need to know what you're doing and making your fortune is not guaranteed.购买邮票、葡萄酒、硬币和书籍都是不同的投资方式。它伴随着风险，但可能会令人兴奋，因为希望您看到您的投资价值上升。但是，您需要知道自己在做什么，并不能保证一定能发财。If you're happy to take a gamble, then one of the most well-known ways of investing is by buying artwork. By purchasing a painting and holding on to it, its value can increase by a handsome sum, but of course it's only when you sell it do you feel the financial benefit. Some people get quite lucky, particularly when they don't expect to make any money. There are stories of people buying a painting in an antique shop for peanuts only to find out it's actually worth thousands of pounds.如果您乐于赌博，那么最著名的投资方式之一就是购买艺术品。购买一幅画并持有它，它的价值可以增加一大笔钱，但当然只有当你卖掉它时，你才能感受到经济利益。有些人很幸运，尤其是当他们不指望赚钱的时候。有这样的故事，人们在古董店买了一幅花生画，却发现它实际上价值数千英镑。Investing in art appears to be a hobby for the rich, but not always. Recently, an investor's dream came true when a picture believed to have been painted by Leonardo da Vinci sold for £341m. He had bought it about 60 years ago in an auction for just £45 thinking it was only painted by a follower of da Vinci.投资艺术似乎是富人的爱好，但并非总是如此。最近，当一幅据信由达芬奇绘制的画作以 3.41 亿英镑的价格售出时，一位投资者的梦想成真了。大约 60 年前，他在一次拍卖中以 45 英镑的价格买下了这幅画，他认为这幅画只是由达芬奇的追随者绘制的。Of course this is a rare story and investing in artwork is not a guarantee to make you a millionaire. Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser at Chase de Vere, told BBC News that to invest in art as a true investment, "you need a starting fund of at least £5,000, and possibly up to £500,000, which can be used to buy individual works of art or invested in an art fund." He feels investing in art is too risky and recommends their clients not to invest in it because the downsides outweigh the upsides.当然，这是一个罕见的故事，投资艺术品并不能保证你会成为百万富翁。Chase de Vere 的财务顾问帕特里克·康诺利 (Patrick Connolly) 告诉 BBC 新闻，要将艺术品投资作为一项真正的投资，“你需要至少 5,000 英镑，可能高达 500,000 英镑的启动资金，可用于购买个人艺术品或投资于艺术基金。”他觉得投资艺术品风险太大，建议他们的客户不要投资，因为弊大于利。But if you're still keen, there are art fairs, such as The Affordable Art Fair, and websites aimed at buyers with a modest budget. Patrick Connolly says the best approach here is to buy something you like and can afford and "if it goes up in value, that should be just an added bonus." If this has spoilt your plans for your investment portfolio, maybe there's more chance of winning big money by buying a lottery ticket!但是，如果您仍然热衷于艺术博览会，例如 The Affordable Art Fair，以及针对预算有限的买家的网站。帕特里克·康诺利说，这里最好的方法是买你喜欢和买得起的东西，“如果它升值，那应该只是额外的奖励。”如果这破坏了您的投资组合计划，那么购买彩票可能更有机会赢得大奖！词汇表splash the cash 花大笔的钱，挥霍savvy 懂行的invest 投资a tidy profit 一笔可观的利润risk 风险fortune 财富，一大笔钱take a gamble 赌一把，冒险做某事a handsome sum 一笔可观的数目financial benefit 经济效益peanut 一小笔钱auction 拍卖millionaire 百万富翁fund 资金，专款downside 缺点，不利的一面upside 好处，优点modest budget 有限的预算an added bonus 附加的收益，额外的好处portfolio 投资组合

We all have a different approach to money – some of us like to spend it as soon as we have it, even splashing the cash on extravagant things, while some of us like to hold on to it and spend it carefully. But for people who are very savvy about their cash, there are a number of interesting ways to invest it and, if things go well, make a tidy profit.我们都有不同的理财方式——我们中的一些人喜欢一有钱就花掉，甚至把钱花在奢侈的东西上，而我们中的一些人喜欢抓住它并小心翼翼地花钱。但对于非常精通现金的人来说，有许多有趣的投资方式，如果事情进展顺利，可以获得可观的利润。Buying stamps, wine, coins and books are all different ways of investing your money. It comes with risks but can be thrilling as, hopefully, you watch the value of your investment rise. However, you need to know what you're doing and making your fortune is not guaranteed.购买邮票、葡萄酒、硬币和书籍都是不同的投资方式。它伴随着风险，但可能会令人兴奋，因为希望您看到您的投资价值上升。但是，您需要知道自己在做什么，并不能保证一定能发财。If you're happy to take a gamble, then one of the most well-known ways of investing is by buying artwork. By purchasing a painting and holding on to it, its value can increase by a handsome sum, but of course it's only when you sell it do you feel the financial benefit. Some people get quite lucky, particularly when they don't expect to make any money. There are stories of people buying a painting in an antique shop for peanuts only to find out it's actually worth thousands of pounds.如果您乐于赌博，那么最著名的投资方式之一就是购买艺术品。购买一幅画并持有它，它的价值可以增加一大笔钱，但当然只有当你卖掉它时，你才能感受到经济利益。有些人很幸运，尤其是当他们不指望赚钱的时候。有这样的故事，人们在古董店买了一幅花生画，却发现它实际上价值数千英镑。Investing in art appears to be a hobby for the rich, but not always. Recently, an investor's dream came true when a picture believed to have been painted by Leonardo da Vinci sold for £341m. He had bought it about 60 years ago in an auction for just £45 thinking it was only painted by a follower of da Vinci.投资艺术似乎是富人的爱好，但并非总是如此。最近，当一幅据信由达芬奇绘制的画作以 3.41 亿英镑的价格售出时，一位投资者的梦想成真了。大约 60 年前，他在一次拍卖中以 45 英镑的价格买下了这幅画，他认为这幅画只是由达芬奇的追随者绘制的。Of course this is a rare story and investing in artwork is not a guarantee to make you a millionaire. Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser at Chase de Vere, told BBC News that to invest in art as a true investment, "you need a starting fund of at least £5,000, and possibly up to £500,000, which can be used to buy individual works of art or invested in an art fund." He feels investing in art is too risky and recommends their clients not to invest in it because the downsides outweigh the upsides.当然，这是一个罕见的故事，投资艺术品并不能保证你会成为百万富翁。Chase de Vere 的财务顾问帕特里克·康诺利 (Patrick Connolly) 告诉 BBC 新闻，要将艺术品投资作为一项真正的投资，“你需要至少 5,000 英镑，可能高达 500,000 英镑的启动资金，可用于购买个人艺术品或投资于艺术基金。”他觉得投资艺术品风险太大，建议他们的客户不要投资，因为弊大于利。But if you're still keen, there are art fairs, such as The Affordable Art Fair, and websites aimed at buyers with a modest budget. Patrick Connolly says the best approach here is to buy something you like and can afford and "if it goes up in value, that should be just an added bonus." If this has spoilt your plans for your investment portfolio, maybe there's more chance of winning big money by buying a lottery ticket!但是，如果您仍然热衷于艺术博览会，例如 The Affordable Art Fair，以及针对预算有限的买家的网站。帕特里克·康诺利说，这里最好的方法是买你喜欢和买得起的东西，“如果它升值，那应该只是额外的奖励。”如果这破坏了您的投资组合计划，那么购买彩票可能更有机会赢得大奖！词汇表splash the cash 花大笔的钱，挥霍 savvy 懂行的 invest 投资 a tidy profit 一笔可观的利润 risk 风险 fortune 财富，一大笔钱 take a gamble 赌一把，冒险做某事 a handsome sum 一笔可观的数目 financial benefit 经济效益 peanut 一小笔钱 auction 拍卖 millionaire 百万富翁 fund 资金，专款 downside 缺点，不利的一面 upside 好处，优点 modest budget 有限的预算 an added bonus 附加的收益，额外的好处 portfolio 投资组合

第1517期:Artistic investments

It's that time of year when many of us spend money buying gifts for family and friends. We spend hours, even days, searching the shops and websites trying to find the right present for someone - a pair of socks, perfume, a new gadget – only to find the recipient already has it or they've been given it already. Or worse, they just don't like it, which makes me think, "Are we wasting our time and money?"每年的那个时候，我们中的许多人都会花钱为家人和朋友购买礼物。我们花费数小时，甚至数天，在商店和网站上搜索，试图为某人找到合适的礼物——一双袜子、香水、一个新的小玩意——却发现收件人已经拥有或已经收到了。或者更糟糕的是，他们只是不喜欢它，这让我想，“我们是在浪费时间和金钱吗？”There is so much stuff in the world already and so much waste that maybe when it comes to Christmas giving, we need to think outside the box – use our imagination and be more creative with our generosity. This is particularly true for children, who tend to receive mountains of toys some of which end up not even being looked at. One idea is to implement a 'one-gift' rule so that children don't grow up spoiled. Getting too many gifts can also send out the wrong message. Speaking to BBC online, clinical psychologist Linda Blair says, "When we are given a lot, we expect to receive a lot… even if it's only at Christmas and on birthdays, it will impact on children's attitudes." She also suggests, "If you want to give a gift, give your time". 世界上已经有太多的东西和太多的浪费，也许在圣诞节捐赠方面，我们需要跳出框框思考——发挥我们的想象力，用我们的慷慨更有创意。对于孩子来说尤其如此，他们往往会收到堆积如山的玩具，其中一些最终甚至没有被看。一个想法是实施“一份礼物”规则，这样孩子们就不会被宠坏了。收到太多礼物也会发出错误的信息。临床心理学家琳达·布莱尔在接受 BBC 在线采访时说：“当我们得到很多时，我们期望得到很多……即使只是在圣诞节和生日，它也会影响孩子们的态度。”她还建议，“如果你想送礼物，那就给你时间”。She makes a good point - for children and adults alike, when it comes to giving, think about offering something other than a material object that may get forgotten, discarded or re-gifted.  Buying an experience is one alternative - a chance for someone to try something out and do something different. It will cost you money, but for the recipient it could be an opportunity to try something they could not normally afford or would not have thought about doing. It would therefore be memorable and, hopefully, much appreciated.她提出了一个很好的观点——对于儿童和成人来说，在给予时，考虑提供一些可能会被遗忘、丢弃或重新给予的物质对象以外的东西。购买体验是一种选择——让人们有机会尝试一些事情并做一些不同的事情。这将花费你的钱，但对于接受者来说，这可能是一个尝试他们通常负担不起或不会考虑做的事情的机会。因此，这将是令人难忘的，并希望受到高度赞赏。Another practical gift could be to buy someone lessons, giving them a chance to learn new skills such as horse riding or learning English. And there are what are called 'favours' – money-can't-buy offerings to do jobs for someone like babysitting, cleaning or giving someone a massage. And there is always the fallback of giving vouchers to spend in a shop.另一个实用的礼物可能是给某人买课，让他们有机会学习新技能，例如骑马或学习英语。还有所谓的“恩惠”——用钱买不到的东西来为保姆、清洁或给别人按摩等工作提供服务。并且总是有提供代金券在商店消费的后备。Of course, if you can't think of an original way to give a gift, the alternative is to not buy anything at all. You may be accused of being a 'Scrooge' but at least you're not wasting money on pointless gifts and you could give the money to charity instead – a more worthy cause. But if this year, you receive a present that's not to your liking don't be ungrateful and remember the age-old saying that 'it's the thought that counts'.当然，如果你想不出一种独创的送礼方式，那另一种选择是什么都不买。你可能会被指责为“贪财鬼”，但至少你不会在毫无意义的礼物上浪费钱，你可以把钱捐给慈善机构——这是一个更有价值的事业。但是，如果今年你收到了一份不合你意的礼物，不要忘恩负义，记住那句古老的谚语“重要的是思想”。词汇表recipient 收礼人to think outside the box 跳出传统的思维框架generosity 慷慨，大方implement 实施，实行spoiled 宠坏了的material object 实质的物品re-gift 将收到的礼物转赠给他人experience 体验型礼品memorable 难忘的appreciated 受喜爱的practical 实用的favour 帮助，善意行为money-can't-buy 金钱买不到的（东西）fallback 应变的，退一补的voucher 代金券，票券original 独创的，新颖的Scrooge 吝啬鬼pointless 空洞、无意义的worthy cause 有价值的事情               it's the thought that counts 情意更重要

It's that time of year when many of us spend money buying gifts for family and friends. We spend hours, even days, searching the shops and websites trying to find the right present for someone - a pair of socks, perfume, a new gadget – only to find the recipient already has it or they've been given it already. Or worse, they just don't like it, which makes me think, "Are we wasting our time and money?"每年的那个时候，我们中的许多人都会花钱为家人和朋友购买礼物。我们花费数小时，甚至数天，在商店和网站上搜索，试图为某人找到合适的礼物——一双袜子、香水、一个新的小玩意——却发现收件人已经拥有或已经收到了。或者更糟糕的是，他们只是不喜欢它，这让我想，“我们是在浪费时间和金钱吗？”There is so much stuff in the world already and so much waste that maybe when it comes to Christmas giving, we need to think outside the box – use our imagination and be more creative with our generosity. This is particularly true for children, who tend to receive mountains of toys some of which end up not even being looked at. One idea is to implement a 'one-gift' rule so that children don't grow up spoiled. Getting too many gifts can also send out the wrong message. Speaking to BBC online, clinical psychologist Linda Blair says, "When we are given a lot, we expect to receive a lot… even if it's only at Christmas and on birthdays, it will impact on children's attitudes." She also suggests, "If you want to give a gift, give your time". 世界上已经有太多的东西和太多的浪费，也许在圣诞节捐赠方面，我们需要跳出框框思考——发挥我们的想象力，用我们的慷慨更有创意。对于孩子来说尤其如此，他们往往会收到堆积如山的玩具，其中一些最终甚至没有被看。一个想法是实施“一份礼物”规则，这样孩子们就不会被宠坏了。收到太多礼物也会发出错误的信息。临床心理学家琳达·布莱尔在接受 BBC 在线采访时说：“当我们得到很多时，我们期望得到很多……即使只是在圣诞节和生日，它也会影响孩子们的态度。”她还建议，“如果你想送礼物，那就给你时间”。She makes a good point - for children and adults alike, when it comes to giving, think about offering something other than a material object that may get forgotten, discarded or re-gifted.  Buying an experience is one alternative - a chance for someone to try something out and do something different. It will cost you money, but for the recipient it could be an opportunity to try something they could not normally afford or would not have thought about doing. It would therefore be memorable and, hopefully, much appreciated.她提出了一个很好的观点——对于儿童和成人来说，在给予时，考虑提供一些可能会被遗忘、丢弃或重新给予的物质对象以外的东西。购买体验是一种选择——让人们有机会尝试一些事情并做一些不同的事情。这将花费你的钱，但对于接受者来说，这可能是一个尝试他们通常负担不起或不会考虑做的事情的机会。因此，这将是令人难忘的，并希望受到高度赞赏。Another practical gift could be to buy someone lessons, giving them a chance to learn new skills such as horse riding or learning English. And there are what are called 'favours' – money-can't-buy offerings to do jobs for someone like babysitting, cleaning or giving someone a massage. And there is always the fallback of giving vouchers to spend in a shop.另一个实用的礼物可能是给某人买课，让他们有机会学习新技能，例如骑马或学习英语。还有所谓的“恩惠”——用钱买不到的东西来为保姆、清洁或给别人按摩等工作提供服务。并且总是有提供代金券在商店消费的后备。Of course, if you can't think of an original way to give a gift, the alternative is to not buy anything at all. You may be accused of being a 'Scrooge' but at least you're not wasting money on pointless gifts and you could give the money to charity instead – a more worthy cause. But if this year, you receive a present that's not to your liking don't be ungrateful and remember the age-old saying that 'it's the thought that counts'.当然，如果你想不出一种独创的送礼方式，那另一种选择是什么都不买。你可能会被指责为“贪财鬼”，但至少你不会在毫无意义的礼物上浪费钱，你可以把钱捐给慈善机构——这是一个更有价值的事业。但是，如果今年你收到了一份不合你意的礼物，不要忘恩负义，记住那句古老的谚语“重要的是思想”。词汇表recipient 收礼人 to think outside the box 跳出传统的思维框架 generosity 慷慨，大方 implement 实施，实行 spoiled 宠坏了的 material object 实质的物品 re-gift 将收到的礼物转赠给他人 experience 体验型礼品 memorable 难忘的 appreciated 受喜爱的 practical 实用的 favour 帮助，善意行为 money-can't-buy 金钱买不到的（东西） fallback 应变的，退一补的 voucher 代金券，票券 original 独创的，新颖的 Scrooge 吝啬鬼 pointless 空洞、无意义的 worthy cause 有价值的事情                it's the thought that counts 情意更重要

第1516期:Christmas gift alternatives

When's it's time for a wardrobe makeover, who's the best person to give you some advice? You'll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and fashion tips – let's face it: they know you best and can offer an honest opinion about which colours clash – and which outfit makes you look a million dollars.什么时候该进行衣橱改造，谁是给你一些建议的最佳人选？你可能会向你的朋友寻求一些反馈和时尚提示——让我们面对现实吧：他们最了解你，并且可以就哪些颜色冲突提供诚实的意见——以及哪件衣服让你看起来一百万美元。However for someone like me, who's not a follower of fashion and has a more practical dress sense, I don't need help - it's just jeans or… jeans! But for people who care about their appearance, they can now get some trustworthy advice with the aid of technology.然而对于像我这样不追随时尚并且有更实际的穿着感的人来说，我不需要帮助 - 它只是牛仔裤或......牛仔裤！但是对于在意自己外表的人来说，现在可以借助科技获得一些值得信赖的建议。Of course, using social media is a good way to discuss fashion dilemmas with your friends, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice - and opinions that are sometimes brutal! That's why one woman has developed an app to help women crowdsource advice from stylists and sister fashionistas in a safe, troll-free environment.当然，使用社交媒体是与朋友讨论时尚困境的好方法，但这有时会带来太多相互矛盾的建议——有时甚至是残酷的意见！这就是为什么一位女性开发了一款应用程序来帮助女性在一个安全、无网络攻击的环境中从造型师和姐妹时尚达人那里获得建议。Sophia Matveeva's Style Counsel app allows users wanting advice on an outfit to post a photo and receive "yes" or "no" answers from other users, or more detailed advice from vetted fashion stylists and bloggers very quickly. According to Matthew Wall, BBC Technology of Business editor, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as AskAnna, Mallzee and StyleDotMe all offering young women tips on suitable and fashionable clothes to wear.Sophia Matveeva 的 Style Counsel 应用程序允许想要获得服装建议的用户发布照片并从其他用户那里收到“是”或“否”的答案，或者非常快速地从经过审查的时尚造型师和博主那里获得更详细的建议。根据 BBC Technology of Business 编辑 Matthew Wall 的说法，这是一项不断发展的业务，AskAnna、Mallzee 和 StyleDotMe 等几款新应用程序都为年轻女性提供了关于合适和时尚服装的建议。There's also a website called EyeFitU which finds clothes to fit your figure. Its chief executive, Isabelle Ohnemus, says there are no international standards in clothes sizes but she explains "We can set up your size profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your gender, height, weight and age". This information is used to search different retailers and find clothes that suit your actual shape. And the internet giant, Amazon, has also developed a camera that links to a 'style check' function that compares photos and gives its algorithmically-derived opinion of which outfit is better, based on fit, colour, style and current fashion trends.还有一个叫做 EyeFitU 的网站可以找到适合你身材的衣服。其首席执行官 Isabelle Ohnemus 表示，衣服尺码没有国际标准，但她解释说：“我们可以在几秒钟内设置您的尺码配置文件，准确率达到 80%，只需知道您的性别、身高、体重和年龄”。此信息用于搜索不同的零售商并找到适合您实际体型的衣服。互联网巨头亚马逊也开发了一款相机，该相机可以链接到“风格检查”功能，该功能可以比较照片，并根据合身、颜色、风格和当前流行趋势，通过算法得出哪种服装更好的意见。But does technology make fashion advice a bit impersonal? Sophia Matveeva admits that women in particular are social creatures and that "AI will never stop us talking to each other… girls will always want the approval of the cool girl at school." But as for me: an app with someone I don't know could be the place to start with some discreet fashion tips!但是技术是否让时尚建议变得有点客观？Sophia Matveeva 承认，女性尤其是社交动物，“人工智能永远不会阻止我们彼此交谈……女孩总是希望得到学校酷女孩的认可。”但对我来说：一个我不认识的人的应用程序可能是从一些谨慎的时尚技巧开始的地方！词汇表makeover（个人形象的）大改造tip 窍门，小建议clash（颜色、风格）不协调look a million dollars（因穿着光鲜）看起来非常漂亮dress sense 着装、搭配的品位appearance 外表，外貌dilemma 困境，窘境brutal（表达方式、观点）直率的，直言不讳的stylist 造型师fashionista 时尚达人troll-free 没有网络暴力或恶毒言论的vetted（资质等）经过审查的figure 体形、身材retailer 零售商style check 时尚风格定位（功能）algorithmically-derived 利用算法推导出来的trend 潮流，趋势cool girl “酷女孩”，原指学校里受人欢迎的时髦女孩，此处泛指风格出众，引领时尚的女性

When's it's time for a wardrobe makeover, who's the best person to give you some advice? You'll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and fashion tips – let's face it: they know you best and can offer an honest opinion about which colours clash – and which outfit makes you look a million dollars.什么时候该进行衣橱改造，谁是给你一些建议的最佳人选？你可能会向你的朋友寻求一些反馈和时尚提示——让我们面对现实吧：他们最了解你，并且可以就哪些颜色冲突提供诚实的意见——以及哪件衣服让你看起来一百万美元。However for someone like me, who's not a follower of fashion and has a more practical dress sense, I don't need help - it's just jeans or… jeans! But for people who care about their appearance, they can now get some trustworthy advice with the aid of technology.然而对于像我这样不追随时尚并且有更实际的穿着感的人来说，我不需要帮助 - 它只是牛仔裤或......牛仔裤！但是对于在意自己外表的人来说，现在可以借助科技获得一些值得信赖的建议。Of course, using social media is a good way to discuss fashion dilemmas with your friends, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice - and opinions that are sometimes brutal! That's why one woman has developed an app to help women crowdsource advice from stylists and sister fashionistas in a safe, troll-free environment.当然，使用社交媒体是与朋友讨论时尚困境的好方法，但这有时会带来太多相互矛盾的建议——有时甚至是残酷的意见！这就是为什么一位女性开发了一款应用程序来帮助女性在一个安全、无网络攻击的环境中从造型师和姐妹时尚达人那里获得建议。Sophia Matveeva's Style Counsel app allows users wanting advice on an outfit to post a photo and receive "yes" or "no" answers from other users, or more detailed advice from vetted fashion stylists and bloggers very quickly. According to Matthew Wall, BBC Technology of Business editor, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as AskAnna, Mallzee and StyleDotMe all offering young women tips on suitable and fashionable clothes to wear.Sophia Matveeva 的 Style Counsel 应用程序允许想要获得服装建议的用户发布照片并从其他用户那里收到“是”或“否”的答案，或者非常快速地从经过审查的时尚造型师和博主那里获得更详细的建议。根据 BBC Technology of Business 编辑 Matthew Wall 的说法，这是一项不断发展的业务，AskAnna、Mallzee 和 StyleDotMe 等几款新应用程序都为年轻女性提供了关于合适和时尚服装的建议。There's also a website called EyeFitU which finds clothes to fit your figure. Its chief executive, Isabelle Ohnemus, says there are no international standards in clothes sizes but she explains "We can set up your size profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your gender, height, weight and age". This information is used to search different retailers and find clothes that suit your actual shape. And the internet giant, Amazon, has also developed a camera that links to a 'style check' function that compares photos and gives its algorithmically-derived opinion of which outfit is better, based on fit, colour, style and current fashion trends.还有一个叫做 EyeFitU 的网站可以找到适合你身材的衣服。其首席执行官 Isabelle Ohnemus 表示，衣服尺码没有国际标准，但她解释说：“我们可以在几秒钟内设置您的尺码配置文件，准确率达到 80%，只需知道您的性别、身高、体重和年龄”。此信息用于搜索不同的零售商并找到适合您实际体型的衣服。互联网巨头亚马逊也开发了一款相机，该相机可以链接到“风格检查”功能，该功能可以比较照片，并根据合身、颜色、风格和当前流行趋势，通过算法得出哪种服装更好的意见。But does technology make fashion advice a bit impersonal? Sophia Matveeva admits that women in particular are social creatures and that "AI will never stop us talking to each other… girls will always want the approval of the cool girl at school." But as for me: an app with someone I don't know could be the place to start with some discreet fashion tips!但是技术是否让时尚建议变得有点客观？Sophia Matveeva 承认，女性尤其是社交动物，“人工智能永远不会阻止我们彼此交谈……女孩总是希望得到学校酷女孩的认可。”但对我来说：一个我不认识的人的应用程序可能是从一些谨慎的时尚技巧开始的地方！词汇表makeover（个人形象的）大改造 tip 窍门，小建议 clash（颜色、风格）不协调 look a million dollars（因穿着光鲜）看起来非常漂亮 dress sense 着装、搭配的品位 appearance 外表，外貌 dilemma 困境，窘境 brutal（表达方式、观点）直率的，直言不讳的 stylist 造型师 fashionista 时尚达人 troll-free 没有网络暴力或恶毒言论的 vetted（资质等）经过审查的 figure 体形、身材 retailer 零售商 style check 时尚风格定位（功能） algorithmically-derived 利用算法推导出来的 trend 潮流，趋势 cool girl “酷女孩”，原指学校里受人欢迎的时髦女孩，此处泛指风格出众，引领时尚的女性

第1515期:Virtual fashion advice

Sweet or savoury? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth, you probably can't resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar – delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff is bad for our health.甜的还是咸的？你喜欢什么样的口味？如果像我一样，你爱吃甜食，你可能无法抗拒吃蛋糕、饼干或巧克力，并且会用一勺糖来增加你的茶或咖啡的甜味——美味！但是味道让人很容易忽视过多的白色物质对我们的健康有害的警告。Consuming sugar is an addiction – the more we eat, the more we want. Today's processed food, like ready meals, is laced with the stuff and many fizzy drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.吃糖是一种瘾——我们吃的越多，我们想要的就越多。今天的加工食品，如即食食品，都含有这种物质，许多碳酸饮料在一罐中就含有七茶匙糖。在英国，统计数据显示，糖的消费量处于历史最高水平，政府正试图让食品行业到 2020 年将巧克力棒等流行产品中的糖含量减少 20%。Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and the glucose in it can give us an energy boost. But there are dangers too: a high-sugar diet is linked to obesity, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and savoury biscuits – but that's boring, I need my sugar fix!当然，含糖的食物味道很好，它可以帮助提升我们的情绪，其中的葡萄糖可以让我们精力充沛。但也有危险：高糖饮食与肥胖有关，超重会增加患 2 型糖尿病的风险。有了这些警告信号，我考虑用水果和咸味饼干代替含糖零食来改变我的饮食习惯——但这很无聊，我需要解决我的糖分问题！I'm not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some celebrities and nutritionists promoting a 'zero tolerance' approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, "My first fortnight involves mood swings worse than puberty. I have agonising headaches and feel permanently hungover." These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.我不孤独。BBC 记者 Radhika Shanghani 更进一步。在一些名人和营养学家提倡对糖采取“零容忍”方法的鼓励下，她完全放弃了，认为这会让她更健康。最初，她说：“我的第一个两周的情绪波动比青春期还严重。我有痛苦的头痛，感觉永远宿醉。”这些症状消失了，但她仍然觉得买食物很困难，因为她强调要买合适的东西。Her experiment wasn't a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount."她的实验没有成功。她最终向牛津大学饮食与人口健康教授 Susan Jebb 寻求建议，他说：“很多人喜欢吃糖并从中获得乐趣，所以人们必须在享受和吃适量之间找到平衡。”There are health benefits of cutting down sugar such as improving dental care and reducing weight gain, but there's no need to be obsessive about it. Eating some sugar as part of a balanced diet is fine and exercising will help burn it off. So rather than dealing with your sugar cravings by cutting it out of your diet altogether, why not work on your willpower and learn to say 'no' to a second serving of chocolate fudge cheesecake.减少糖分对健康有好处，例如改善牙齿护理和减少体重增加，但没有必要对此过于执着。吃一些糖作为均衡饮食的一部分是好的，运动将有助于燃烧掉它。因此，与其完全从饮食中减少对糖的渴望，不如锻炼意志力，学会对第二份巧克力软糖芝士蛋糕说“不”。词汇表savoury 咸的sweet tooth 喜好甜食addiction 上瘾processed food 加工食品lace（偷偷地）给（食物或饮品）掺glucose 葡萄糖obesity 肥胖（症）overweight 肥胖的，超重的Type 2 diabetes 二型糖尿病fix 用量（幽默的说法）nutritionist 营养学家zero tolerance 零容忍政策mood swings 情绪波动puberty 青春期hungover 宿醉的symptom 症状a balance 平衡dental care 牙科护理weight gain 体重增加obsessive 过分的craving 难以抑制的渴求willpower 意志力

Sweet or savoury? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth, you probably can't resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar – delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff is bad for our health.甜的还是咸的？你喜欢什么样的口味？如果像我一样，你爱吃甜食，你可能无法抗拒吃蛋糕、饼干或巧克力，并且会用一勺糖来增加你的茶或咖啡的甜味——美味！但是味道让人很容易忽视过多的白色物质对我们的健康有害的警告。Consuming sugar is an addiction – the more we eat, the more we want. Today's processed food, like ready meals, is laced with the stuff and many fizzy drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.吃糖是一种瘾——我们吃的越多，我们想要的就越多。今天的加工食品，如即食食品，都含有这种物质，许多碳酸饮料在一罐中就含有七茶匙糖。在英国，统计数据显示，糖的消费量处于历史最高水平，政府正试图让食品行业到 2020 年将巧克力棒等流行产品中的糖含量减少 20%。Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and the glucose in it can give us an energy boost. But there are dangers too: a high-sugar diet is linked to obesity, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and savoury biscuits – but that's boring, I need my sugar fix!当然，含糖的食物味道很好，它可以帮助提升我们的情绪，其中的葡萄糖可以让我们精力充沛。但也有危险：高糖饮食与肥胖有关，超重会增加患 2 型糖尿病的风险。有了这些警告信号，我考虑用水果和咸味饼干代替含糖零食来改变我的饮食习惯——但这很无聊，我需要解决我的糖分问题！I'm not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some celebrities and nutritionists promoting a 'zero tolerance' approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, "My first fortnight involves mood swings worse than puberty. I have agonising headaches and feel permanently hungover." These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.我不孤独。BBC 记者 Radhika Shanghani 更进一步。在一些名人和营养学家提倡对糖采取“零容忍”方法的鼓励下，她完全放弃了，认为这会让她更健康。最初，她说：“我的第一个两周的情绪波动比青春期还严重。我有痛苦的头痛，感觉永远宿醉。”这些症状消失了，但她仍然觉得买食物很困难，因为她强调要买合适的东西。Her experiment wasn't a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount."她的实验没有成功。她最终向牛津大学饮食与人口健康教授 Susan Jebb 寻求建议，他说：“很多人喜欢吃糖并从中获得乐趣，所以人们必须在享受和吃适量之间找到平衡。”There are health benefits of cutting down sugar such as improving dental care and reducing weight gain, but there's no need to be obsessive about it. Eating some sugar as part of a balanced diet is fine and exercising will help burn it off. So rather than dealing with your sugar cravings by cutting it out of your diet altogether, why not work on your willpower and learn to say 'no' to a second serving of chocolate fudge cheesecake.减少糖分对健康有好处，例如改善牙齿护理和减少体重增加，但没有必要对此过于执着。吃一些糖作为均衡饮食的一部分是好的，运动将有助于燃烧掉它。因此，与其完全从饮食中减少对糖的渴望，不如锻炼意志力，学会对第二份巧克力软糖芝士蛋糕说“不”。词汇表savoury 咸的 sweet tooth 喜好甜食 addiction 上瘾 processed food 加工食品 lace（偷偷地）给（食物或饮品）掺 glucose 葡萄糖 obesity 肥胖（症） overweight 肥胖的，超重的 Type 2 diabetes 二型糖尿病 fix 用量（幽默的说法） nutritionist 营养学家 zero tolerance 零容忍政策 mood swings 情绪波动 puberty 青春期 hungover 宿醉的 symptom 症状 a balance 平衡 dental care 牙科护理 weight gain 体重增加 obsessive 过分的 craving 难以抑制的渴求 willpower 意志力

第1514期:Sweet tooth hazards

I am a massive science fiction geek. Ever since I was young, I’ve been captivated by tales of interstellar adventure, aliens, robots, and cutting-edge technology. I always loved the concept of cyborgs. That’s a human-robot hybrid. They are ordinary humans who have been enhanced in some way by technology; more intelligence, faster speed or better resilience to disease and damage. Great ideas, but I never thought I’d see them in my lifetime. 我是一个庞大的科幻极客。从小，我就被星际冒险、外星人、机器人和尖端技术的故事迷住了。我一直很喜欢电子人的概念。那是人机混合体。他们是被科技以某种方式增强的普通人；更多的智慧、更快的速度或更好的抵抗疾病和伤害的能力。伟大的想法，但我从没想过我会在有生之年看到它们。Well, I stand corrected. Integrated biology and technology is already here and people have wasted no time utilising it to re-engineer their bodies. Take, for example, Neil Harbisson, who has an antenna protruding from his head that allows him to hear colour, or Moon Ribas, who has an implant that allows her to sense seismic activity. Now, neither are abilities that I particularly covet, but it's a start.好吧，我的立场是正确的。综合生物学和技术已经出现，人们没有浪费时间利用它来重新设计他们的身体。例如，Neil Harbisson 的头部伸出一根天线，可以让他听到颜色，或者 Moon Ribas，她的植入物可以让她感知地震活动。现在，我特别渴望的能力也不是，但这是一个开始。And it doesn’t end there. As technology increases so too will our ability to enhance ourselves through it. One of the latest developments is the graphene tattoo. Not an actual tattoo at all, but more like a patch, the graphene tattoo could revolutionise biomedical monitoring.它并没有就此结束。随着科技的进步，我们通过科技提升自我的能力也会随之提升。最新的发展之一是石墨烯纹身。根本不是真正的纹身，而是更像一个补丁，石墨烯纹身可以彻底改变生物医学监测。It looks much like a transparent plaster, but with a gold coloured circuit board contained within it. This circuit is the graphene. Graphene is a form of carbon, but it’s 200 times stronger than steel and conducts electricity better than gold, which is the component typically used in electronics.它看起来很像透明的石膏，但里面有一块金色的电路板。这个电路就是石墨烯。石墨烯是碳的一种形式，但它的强度是钢的 200 倍，导电性能也比金更好，金是电子产品中常用的成分。The human body is basically an electrical machine. When in contact with the skin, the graphene in the plaster is able to read and conduct the electricity – allowing it to easily be used as a medical monitor for heart-rate and pulse, among other things. And even more, graphene tattoos can be used as bioelectronic controllers, as demonstrated by one engineer who attached them to his eyelids in order to direct which way a drone flew, just by looking with his eyes!人体基本上是一台电机。当与皮肤接触时，膏药中的石墨烯能够读取并传导电流——使其可以轻松用作心率和脉搏等医疗监测器。更重要的是，石墨烯纹身可以用作生物电子控制器，正如一位工程师所展示的那样，他将纹身贴在眼睑上，以便通过眼睛观察无人机的飞行方向！I know that biotechnology is a long way from allowing humans to be able to lift a car or run half-way around the world in a single day, like I wanted to be able to do when I was a child. But, it’s improving all the time and once the price of graphene falls, who knows what else we’ll be able to do? I’ll see you in the future!我知道生物技术距离让人类能够在一天内举起汽车或绕半个地球跑，就像我小时候想做的那样，还有很长的路要走。但是，它一直在改善，一旦石墨烯的价格下降，谁知道我们还能做些什么呢？我会在未来见到你！词汇表geek 呆子，极客interstellar 星际的cutting-edge 前沿的cyborg 半机械人hybrid 混合体enhanced 强化的，增强的integrated 合成一体的re-engineer 重建，重新组合antenna 触角protrude 伸出implant 植入seismic 地震的，造成严重破坏的covet 渴望，贪求    graphene 石墨烯patch 贴布，贴片transparent 透明的circuit board 电路版carbon 碳conduct 传导（电）component 零部件，组成部分bioelectronic 生物电子的

I am a massive science fiction geek. Ever since I was young, I’ve been captivated by tales of interstellar adventure, aliens, robots, and cutting-edge technology. I always loved the concept of cyborgs. That’s a human-robot hybrid. They are ordinary humans who have been enhanced in some way by technology; more intelligence, faster speed or better resilience to disease and damage. Great ideas, but I never thought I’d see them in my lifetime. 我是一个庞大的科幻极客。从小，我就被星际冒险、外星人、机器人和尖端技术的故事迷住了。我一直很喜欢电子人的概念。那是人机混合体。他们是被科技以某种方式增强的普通人；更多的智慧、更快的速度或更好的抵抗疾病和伤害的能力。伟大的想法，但我从没想过我会在有生之年看到它们。Well, I stand corrected. Integrated biology and technology is already here and people have wasted no time utilising it to re-engineer their bodies. Take, for example, Neil Harbisson, who has an antenna protruding from his head that allows him to hear colour, or Moon Ribas, who has an implant that allows her to sense seismic activity. Now, neither are abilities that I particularly covet, but it's a start.好吧，我的立场是正确的。综合生物学和技术已经出现，人们没有浪费时间利用它来重新设计他们的身体。例如，Neil Harbisson 的头部伸出一根天线，可以让他听到颜色，或者 Moon Ribas，她的植入物可以让她感知地震活动。现在，我特别渴望的能力也不是，但这是一个开始。And it doesn’t end there. As technology increases so too will our ability to enhance ourselves through it. One of the latest developments is the graphene tattoo. Not an actual tattoo at all, but more like a patch, the graphene tattoo could revolutionise biomedical monitoring.它并没有就此结束。随着科技的进步，我们通过科技提升自我的能力也会随之提升。最新的发展之一是石墨烯纹身。根本不是真正的纹身，而是更像一个补丁，石墨烯纹身可以彻底改变生物医学监测。It looks much like a transparent plaster, but with a gold coloured circuit board contained within it. This circuit is the graphene. Graphene is a form of carbon, but it’s 200 times stronger than steel and conducts electricity better than gold, which is the component typically used in electronics.它看起来很像透明的石膏，但里面有一块金色的电路板。这个电路就是石墨烯。石墨烯是碳的一种形式，但它的强度是钢的 200 倍，导电性能也比金更好，金是电子产品中常用的成分。The human body is basically an electrical machine. When in contact with the skin, the graphene in the plaster is able to read and conduct the electricity – allowing it to easily be used as a medical monitor for heart-rate and pulse, among other things. And even more, graphene tattoos can be used as bioelectronic controllers, as demonstrated by one engineer who attached them to his eyelids in order to direct which way a drone flew, just by looking with his eyes!人体基本上是一台电机。当与皮肤接触时，膏药中的石墨烯能够读取并传导电流——使其可以轻松用作心率和脉搏等医疗监测器。更重要的是，石墨烯纹身可以用作生物电子控制器，正如一位工程师所展示的那样，他将纹身贴在眼睑上，以便通过眼睛观察无人机的飞行方向！I know that biotechnology is a long way from allowing humans to be able to lift a car or run half-way around the world in a single day, like I wanted to be able to do when I was a child. But, it’s improving all the time and once the price of graphene falls, who knows what else we’ll be able to do? I’ll see you in the future!我知道生物技术距离让人类能够在一天内举起汽车或绕半个地球跑，就像我小时候想做的那样，还有很长的路要走。但是，它一直在改善，一旦石墨烯的价格下降，谁知道我们还能做些什么呢？我会在未来见到你！词汇表geek 呆子，极客 interstellar 星际的 cutting-edge 前沿的 cyborg 半机械人 hybrid 混合体 enhanced 强化的，增强的 integrated 合成一体的 re-engineer 重建，重新组合 antenna 触角 protrude 伸出 implant 植入 seismic 地震的，造成严重破坏的 covet 渴望，贪求     graphene 石墨烯 patch 贴布，贴片 transparent 透明的 circuit board 电路版 carbon 碳 conduct 传导（电） component 零部件，组成部分 bioelectronic 生物电子的

第1513期:One step closer to cyborgs

How much sleep do you need? Do you find that if you don't get enough shut-eye and wake up feeling dopey, you spend the rest of the day in a bad mood? I certainly need my eight hours a night and that's important according to research, because bad sleep isn't good for our health.你需要多少睡眠？你是否发现如果你没有得到足够的睡眠并且醒来时感到昏昏欲睡，你会在剩下的时间里心情不好？我当然需要每晚八小时，根据研究，这很重要，因为糟糕的睡眠对我们的健康不利。We all need a good night's rest to recharge our batteries, but according to the Sleep Council in the UK, the average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours sleep a night, which for most people is not enough. It's tempting to cut back on the sleep we get, after all there are plenty of other more fun or useful things to be doing. Sometimes the pressure of work or a long commute means that our head hits the pillow much later than it should. But lots of studies have shown that cutting back on sleep, deliberately or otherwise, can have a serious impact on our bodies.我们都需要好好休息来给自己充电，但根据英国睡眠委员会的数据，英国人平均每晚睡六个半小时，这对大多数人来说是不够的。减少我们的睡眠是很诱人的，毕竟还有很多其他更有趣或更有用的事情要做。有时，工作压力或长途通勤意味着我们的头撞到枕头的时间要晚得多。但大量研究表明，有意或无意地减少睡眠会对我们的身体产生严重影响。Studies have proved that sleep deprivation has a negative effect on our bodies but it can also have an effect on our mental health. A BBC programme called Trust Me, I'm a Doctor ran an experiment with the University of Oxford and was surprised to discover how quickly the mood of the people they were testing changed when their sleep was restricted to four hours a night for just three nights. Doctoral student, Sarah Reeve, who ran the experiment, said: "There were increases in anxiety, depression and stress, also increases in paranoia and feelings of mistrust about other people".研究证明，睡眠不足对我们的身体有负面影响，但也会影响我们的心理健康。一个名为“相信我，我是一名医生”的 BBC 节目与牛津大学进行了一项实验，并惊讶地发现当他们的睡眠时间被限制在每晚 4 小时，连续三个晚上时，他们的情绪变化得如此之快.进行该实验的博士生莎拉·里夫说：“焦虑、抑郁和压力增加了，偏执狂和对他人的不信任感也增加了”。This and other research into the mental health of students, has found that the lack of sleep increases our negative emotions. I know that when I'm sleep deprived, it is harder to feel positive about things or even think straight! Daniel Freeman, professor of clinical psychology at Oxford University, agrees that insomnia is bad for our brain. He says: "We have more negative thoughts when we're sleep-deprived and we get stuck in them".这项和其他对学生心理健康的研究发现，睡眠不足会增加我们的负面情绪。我知道当我睡眠不足时，很难对事情感到积极，甚至更难思考！牛津大学临床心理学教授丹尼尔弗里曼同意失眠对我们的大脑有害。他说：“当我们被剥夺睡眠并陷入其中时，我们会有更多的消极想法”。Bad sleep doesn't automatically mean you'll get mental health issues but other studies have shown that depriving people of enough sleep for only a few nights in a row can be enough to put healthy adults into a pre-diabetic state. So with all this evidence maybe we should concentrate on sleeping well. This means going to bed at a sensible time and creating the right environment in the bedroom to relax and sleep in. There's also the modern distraction of using smartphones and tablets at bedtime, tempting us to stay awake. The blue light emitted by electronic devices makes us feel less sleepy. And using them stimulates our brain when it should be winding down. What helps you get a good night's sleep?睡眠不好并不一定意味着你会出现心理健康问题，但其他研究表明，连续几个晚上剥夺人们足够的睡眠足以让健康的成年人进入糖尿病前期。因此，有了所有这些证据，也许我们应该专注于睡个好觉。这意味着在合理的时间上床睡觉，并在卧室创造合适的环境来放松和入睡。现代人在睡前使用智能手机和平板电脑也会分散注意力，诱使我们保持清醒。电子设备发出的蓝光使我们不那么困倦。当我们的大脑应该放松时，使用它们会刺激我们的大脑。什么可以帮助你睡个好觉？词汇表shut-eye 闭眼，睡眠wake up 醒来dopey 嗜睡的，迷迷糊糊的recharge our batteries 恢复我们的体力head hits the pillow 头挨枕头，睡觉cut back 减少sleep deprivation 睡眠不足mental health 心理健康anxiety 焦虑（症）paranoia 多疑，妄想症lack of sleep 缺觉negative emotions 负面情绪think straight 清楚地思考，思路清晰insomnia 失眠（症）pre-diabetic state 糖尿病前期状态sleepy 困的，瞌睡的stimulate 刺激wind down 平静下来，放松

How much sleep do you need? Do you find that if you don't get enough shut-eye and wake up feeling dopey, you spend the rest of the day in a bad mood? I certainly need my eight hours a night and that's important according to research, because bad sleep isn't good for our health.你需要多少睡眠？你是否发现如果你没有得到足够的睡眠并且醒来时感到昏昏欲睡，你会在剩下的时间里心情不好？我当然需要每晚八小时，根据研究，这很重要，因为糟糕的睡眠对我们的健康不利。We all need a good night's rest to recharge our batteries, but according to the Sleep Council in the UK, the average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours sleep a night, which for most people is not enough. It's tempting to cut back on the sleep we get, after all there are plenty of other more fun or useful things to be doing. Sometimes the pressure of work or a long commute means that our head hits the pillow much later than it should. But lots of studies have shown that cutting back on sleep, deliberately or otherwise, can have a serious impact on our bodies.我们都需要好好休息来给自己充电，但根据英国睡眠委员会的数据，英国人平均每晚睡六个半小时，这对大多数人来说是不够的。减少我们的睡眠是很诱人的，毕竟还有很多其他更有趣或更有用的事情要做。有时，工作压力或长途通勤意味着我们的头撞到枕头的时间要晚得多。但大量研究表明，有意或无意地减少睡眠会对我们的身体产生严重影响。Studies have proved that sleep deprivation has a negative effect on our bodies but it can also have an effect on our mental health. A BBC programme called Trust Me, I'm a Doctor ran an experiment with the University of Oxford and was surprised to discover how quickly the mood of the people they were testing changed when their sleep was restricted to four hours a night for just three nights. Doctoral student, Sarah Reeve, who ran the experiment, said: "There were increases in anxiety, depression and stress, also increases in paranoia and feelings of mistrust about other people".研究证明，睡眠不足对我们的身体有负面影响，但也会影响我们的心理健康。一个名为“相信我，我是一名医生”的 BBC 节目与牛津大学进行了一项实验，并惊讶地发现当他们的睡眠时间被限制在每晚 4 小时，连续三个晚上时，他们的情绪变化得如此之快.进行该实验的博士生莎拉·里夫说：“焦虑、抑郁和压力增加了，偏执狂和对他人的不信任感也增加了”。This and other research into the mental health of students, has found that the lack of sleep increases our negative emotions. I know that when I'm sleep deprived, it is harder to feel positive about things or even think straight! Daniel Freeman, professor of clinical psychology at Oxford University, agrees that insomnia is bad for our brain. He says: "We have more negative thoughts when we're sleep-deprived and we get stuck in them".这项和其他对学生心理健康的研究发现，睡眠不足会增加我们的负面情绪。我知道当我睡眠不足时，很难对事情感到积极，甚至更难思考！牛津大学临床心理学教授丹尼尔弗里曼同意失眠对我们的大脑有害。他说：“当我们被剥夺睡眠并陷入其中时，我们会有更多的消极想法”。Bad sleep doesn't automatically mean you'll get mental health issues but other studies have shown that depriving people of enough sleep for only a few nights in a row can be enough to put healthy adults into a pre-diabetic state. So with all this evidence maybe we should concentrate on sleeping well. This means going to bed at a sensible time and creating the right environment in the bedroom to relax and sleep in. There's also the modern distraction of using smartphones and tablets at bedtime, tempting us to stay awake. The blue light emitted by electronic devices makes us feel less sleepy. And using them stimulates our brain when it should be winding down. What helps you get a good night's sleep?睡眠不好并不一定意味着你会出现心理健康问题，但其他研究表明，连续几个晚上剥夺人们足够的睡眠足以让健康的成年人进入糖尿病前期。因此，有了所有这些证据，也许我们应该专注于睡个好觉。这意味着在合理的时间上床睡觉，并在卧室创造合适的环境来放松和入睡。现代人在睡前使用智能手机和平板电脑也会分散注意力，诱使我们保持清醒。电子设备发出的蓝光使我们不那么困倦。当我们的大脑应该放松时，使用它们会刺激我们的大脑。什么可以帮助你睡个好觉？词汇表shut-eye 闭眼，睡眠 wake up 醒来 dopey 嗜睡的，迷迷糊糊的 recharge our batteries 恢复我们的体力 head hits the pillow 头挨枕头，睡觉 cut back 减少 sleep deprivation 睡眠不足 mental health 心理健康 anxiety 焦虑（症） paranoia 多疑，妄想症 lack of sleep 缺觉 negative emotions 负面情绪 think straight 清楚地思考，思路清晰 insomnia 失眠（症） pre-diabetic state 糖尿病前期状态 sleepy 困的，瞌睡的 stimulate 刺激 wind down 平静下来，放松

第1512期:Bad sleep

Life isn’t fair. Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet. You know the kind of person, the one who can strike up a conversation with a complete stranger and end up with a new friend or business lead. How do they do it?生活是不公平的。有些人似乎很幸运能够毫不费力地吸引他们遇到的任何人。你知道那种人，他可以与一个完全陌生的人交谈，最终结交新朋友或业务主管。他们是怎么做到的呢？Well, it might seem like a magical power, but in fact there are a number of factors at work. So, can you learn to develop superhuman charm? The answer is: to a large extent, yes you can.好吧，这似乎是一种神奇的力量，但实际上有许多因素在起作用。那么，你能学会培养超人的魅力吗？答案是：在很大程度上，是的，你可以。But first, the bad news. Scientists have found that people initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance. With just a fleeting glimpse of a face, people make snap judgements about each other’s likeability, trustworthiness and confidence, according to Alexander Todorov, professor of psychology at Princeton University.但首先，坏消息。科学家们发现，人们最初纯粹根据外表来判断对方。普林斯顿大学心理学教授亚历山大·托多罗夫 (Alexander Todorov) 表示，只要瞥一眼一张脸，人们就会对彼此的可爱程度、可信度和信心做出快速判断。How to counteract this? There’s one incredibly simple tool: your smile. Todorov told the BBC that people perceive a smiling face as “more trustworthy, warmer and sociable”. It sounds like common sense, doesn’t it? Smile and others will smile with you.如何应对这种情况？有一个非常简单的工具：你的微笑。托多罗夫告诉 BBC，人们认为笑脸“更值得信赖、更热情、更善于交际”。这听起来像是常识，不是吗？微笑，别人会和你一起微笑。What other tricks might we have up our sleeves? Former FBI agent Jack Schafer has been trained in how to influence people. He told BBC Capital: “Our brains are always surveying the environment for friend or foe signals.” Three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to: raise our eyebrows quickly, tilt our heads slightly, and, once again, to smile.我们还能有什么其他的技巧呢？前 FBI 特工 Jack Schafer 接受过如何影响他人的培训。他告诉 BBC Capital：“我们的大脑一直在调查环境中的朋友或敌人信号。”我们可以做三件事来表明我们不是威胁：快速抬起眉毛，稍微倾斜头部，再次微笑。So we’ve looked at body language, but of course what you say is hugely important too, unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly. Here Schafer recommends that “the golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves, they’re going to like you.” In other words, you need to show interest in them, instead of talking about yourself and all your wonderful achievements. And while you’re chatting, remember this: another way of showing interest is to mirror their physical position.所以我们已经研究了肢体语言，但当然你说的话也非常重要，除非你只想站在那里傻笑。谢弗在这里建议“友谊的黄金法则是，如果你让人们对自己感觉良好，他们就会喜欢你。”换句话说，你需要对他们表现出兴趣，而不是谈论你自己和你所有的精彩成就。在聊天时，请记住这一点：表达兴趣的另一种方式是反映他们的身体位置。Another way to form a connection? Find common ground. Suzanne de Janasz, a professor of management with Seattle University, says that charming people are particularly adept at seeking out shared interests or experiences to help them build rapport. Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common. And if all else fails, you can fall back on that most British of topics: the weather. Glorious day, isn’t it?建立联系的另一种方式？找到共同点。西雅图大学管理学教授 Suzanne de Janasz 说，有魅力的人特别善于寻找共同的兴趣或经历来帮助他们建立融洽的关系。简单的事情，比如询问某人来自哪里真的可以开启讨论，让你找到共同的领域。如果一切都失败了，你可以回到最英国的话题：天气。光荣的一天，不是吗？词汇表blessed 命好的，幸运的effortlessly 不费吹灰之力地strike up a conversation（与人）攀谈complete stranger 彻头彻尾的陌生人lead 线索，头绪superhuman 超乎常人的to a large extent 在很大程度上snap judgement 快速、草率的判断likeability 喜欢程度trustworthiness 可信度counteract 对抗sociable 合群的，好交际的have something up your sleeve “留一手”，暗藏某物以备不时之需foe 敌人tilt（使）倾斜grin 咧嘴笑golden rule 黄金法则，重要的原则mirror 效仿common ground 共同点rapport 融洽的关系fall back on 借助于

Life isn’t fair. Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet. You know the kind of person, the one who can strike up a conversation with a complete stranger and end up with a new friend or business lead. How do they do it?生活是不公平的。有些人似乎很幸运能够毫不费力地吸引他们遇到的任何人。你知道那种人，他可以与一个完全陌生的人交谈，最终结交新朋友或业务主管。他们是怎么做到的呢？Well, it might seem like a magical power, but in fact there are a number of factors at work. So, can you learn to develop superhuman charm? The answer is: to a large extent, yes you can.好吧，这似乎是一种神奇的力量，但实际上有许多因素在起作用。那么，你能学会培养超人的魅力吗？答案是：在很大程度上，是的，你可以。But first, the bad news. Scientists have found that people initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance. With just a fleeting glimpse of a face, people make snap judgements about each other’s likeability, trustworthiness and confidence, according to Alexander Todorov, professor of psychology at Princeton University.但首先，坏消息。科学家们发现，人们最初纯粹根据外表来判断对方。普林斯顿大学心理学教授亚历山大·托多罗夫 (Alexander Todorov) 表示，只要瞥一眼一张脸，人们就会对彼此的可爱程度、可信度和信心做出快速判断。How to counteract this? There’s one incredibly simple tool: your smile. Todorov told the BBC that people perceive a smiling face as “more trustworthy, warmer and sociable”. It sounds like common sense, doesn’t it? Smile and others will smile with you.如何应对这种情况？有一个非常简单的工具：你的微笑。托多罗夫告诉 BBC，人们认为笑脸“更值得信赖、更热情、更善于交际”。这听起来像是常识，不是吗？微笑，别人会和你一起微笑。What other tricks might we have up our sleeves? Former FBI agent Jack Schafer has been trained in how to influence people. He told BBC Capital: “Our brains are always surveying the environment for friend or foe signals.” Three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to: raise our eyebrows quickly, tilt our heads slightly, and, once again, to smile.我们还能有什么其他的技巧呢？前 FBI 特工 Jack Schafer 接受过如何影响他人的培训。他告诉 BBC Capital：“我们的大脑一直在调查环境中的朋友或敌人信号。”我们可以做三件事来表明我们不是威胁：快速抬起眉毛，稍微倾斜头部，再次微笑。So we’ve looked at body language, but of course what you say is hugely important too, unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly. Here Schafer recommends that “the golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves, they’re going to like you.” In other words, you need to show interest in them, instead of talking about yourself and all your wonderful achievements. And while you’re chatting, remember this: another way of showing interest is to mirror their physical position.所以我们已经研究了肢体语言，但当然你说的话也非常重要，除非你只想站在那里傻笑。谢弗在这里建议“友谊的黄金法则是，如果你让人们对自己感觉良好，他们就会喜欢你。”换句话说，你需要对他们表现出兴趣，而不是谈论你自己和你所有的精彩成就。在聊天时，请记住这一点：表达兴趣的另一种方式是反映他们的身体位置。Another way to form a connection? Find common ground. Suzanne de Janasz, a professor of management with Seattle University, says that charming people are particularly adept at seeking out shared interests or experiences to help them build rapport. Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common. And if all else fails, you can fall back on that most British of topics: the weather. Glorious day, isn’t it?建立联系的另一种方式？找到共同点。西雅图大学管理学教授 Suzanne de Janasz 说，有魅力的人特别善于寻找共同的兴趣或经历来帮助他们建立融洽的关系。简单的事情，比如询问某人来自哪里真的可以开启讨论，让你找到共同的领域。如果一切都失败了，你可以回到最英国的话题：天气。光荣的一天，不是吗？词汇表blessed 命好的，幸运的 effortlessly 不费吹灰之力地 strike up a conversation（与人）攀谈 complete stranger 彻头彻尾的陌生人 lead 线索，头绪 superhuman 超乎常人的 to a large extent 在很大程度上 snap judgement 快速、草率的判断 likeability 喜欢程度 trustworthiness 可信度 counteract 对抗 sociable 合群的，好交际的 have something up your sleeve “留一手”，暗藏某物以备不时之需 foe 敌人 tilt（使）倾斜 grin 咧嘴笑 golden rule 黄金法则，重要的原则 mirror 效仿 common ground 共同点 rapport 融洽的关系 fall back on 借助于

第1510期:How to be charming

It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn? 这是一个困扰科学家很久的问题：我们到底为什么会打哈欠？In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning. It’s called the primary motor cortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we can’t choose to yawn – it’s an involuntary imitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn. 在最近的一项突破中，科学家们发现了负责传染性打哈欠的大脑部分。它被称为初级运动皮层，控制着身体的运动。当被触发时，它会让我们打哈欠。但我们不能选择打哈欠——这是对他人的不自觉模仿。你知道怎么回事：你的朋友打哈欠，你打哈欠。Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of ‘why’. And we don’t only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.知道涉及大脑的哪个部分只是答案的一部分。还有一个更深层次的问题是“为什么”。我们不仅会在别人打哈欠的时候打哈欠，有时我们自己也会打哈欠。So, let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from a cauldron”. His colourful theory is now, sadly, discounted. 所以，让我们从打哈欠背后的生理学理论开始。早在公元前 400 年，希腊医生希波克拉底就推测，打哈欠会从身体中释放出有害气体，就像“蒸汽从大锅中逸出”。可悲的是，他丰富多彩的理论现在被打折扣了。A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains can overheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly. 最近的一个想法表明，我们打哈欠是为了让大脑降温。就像繁忙的计算机处理器一样，我们的大脑也会过热。奥尔巴尼大学的心理学家戈登·盖洛普认为，打哈欠的行为会为大脑提供大量氧气，帮助我们更清晰地思考。What about the connection between yawning and tiredness? We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish, but why is this? Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited, as we don’t yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go! 打哈欠和疲倦之间有什么联系？当我们感到困倦或呆滞时，我们当然会更多地打哈欠，但这是为什么呢？认为它有助于为身体提供额外能量的理论在很大程度上是不可信的，因为我们在锻炼时不会打哈欠，而此时我们肯定需要更多的起床运动！Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex.  She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time - yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.” 利兹大学的心理学家卡特里奥娜·莫里森说，打哈欠是一种古老的反射。她告诉 BBC，这可能始于“穴居人的时代，那时有人必须时刻保持警惕——打哈欠会增加脑血流量，从而提高警觉性。”What about our friends' contagious yawning? Some think it comes down to empathy. While all vertebrate mammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees ‘catch’ yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends. Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships? 我们朋友的传染性打哈欠怎么办？有些人认为这归结为同理心。虽然所有脊椎动物都打哈欠，但只有人类和黑猩猩会“捕捉”其他动物的打哈欠。研究表明，在近亲和朋友的陪伴下，我们打哈欠的频率更高。打哈欠真的能帮助我们巩固最亲密的关系吗？If it does, next time you yawn in company, don’t feel too embarrassed. You’re just showing off your people skills.如果是这样，下次你在公司打哈欠时，不要觉得太尴尬。你只是在炫耀你的人际交往能力。词汇表contagious 会传染的motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层involuntary 不由自主的physiological 生理的physician 医生（尤指内科医生）cauldron （通常指架在火上的）大锅colourful 有趣的，有声有色的discounted 大打折扣的，有所减弱的overheat 负荷过多，承载过多rush （身体的）一阵感觉sluggish 行动迟缓的discredited 受到怀疑的，被质疑的get-up-and-go 干劲reflex 本能反应cerebral 大脑的come down to 归结为，归根结底在于empathy 共鸣，共感vertebrate 有脊椎的cement 巩固（友谊）people skills 人际交往能力

It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn? 这是一个困扰科学家很久的问题：我们到底为什么会打哈欠？In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning. It’s called the primary motor cortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we can’t choose to yawn – it’s an involuntary imitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn. 在最近的一项突破中，科学家们发现了负责传染性打哈欠的大脑部分。它被称为初级运动皮层，控制着身体的运动。当被触发时，它会让我们打哈欠。但我们不能选择打哈欠——这是对他人的不自觉模仿。你知道怎么回事：你的朋友打哈欠，你打哈欠。Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of ‘why’. And we don’t only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.知道涉及大脑的哪个部分只是答案的一部分。还有一个更深层次的问题是“为什么”。我们不仅会在别人打哈欠的时候打哈欠，有时我们自己也会打哈欠。So, let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from a cauldron”. His colourful theory is now, sadly, discounted. 所以，让我们从打哈欠背后的生理学理论开始。早在公元前 400 年，希腊医生希波克拉底就推测，打哈欠会从身体中释放出有害气体，就像“蒸汽从大锅中逸出”。可悲的是，他丰富多彩的理论现在被打折扣了。A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains can overheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly. 最近的一个想法表明，我们打哈欠是为了让大脑降温。就像繁忙的计算机处理器一样，我们的大脑也会过热。奥尔巴尼大学的心理学家戈登·盖洛普认为，打哈欠的行为会为大脑提供大量氧气，帮助我们更清晰地思考。What about the connection between yawning and tiredness? We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish, but why is this? Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited, as we don’t yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go! 打哈欠和疲倦之间有什么联系？当我们感到困倦或呆滞时，我们当然会更多地打哈欠，但这是为什么呢？认为它有助于为身体提供额外能量的理论在很大程度上是不可信的，因为我们在锻炼时不会打哈欠，而此时我们肯定需要更多的起床运动！Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex.  She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time - yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.” 利兹大学的心理学家卡特里奥娜·莫里森说，打哈欠是一种古老的反射。她告诉 BBC，这可能始于“穴居人的时代，那时有人必须时刻保持警惕——打哈欠会增加脑血流量，从而提高警觉性。”What about our friends' contagious yawning? Some think it comes down to empathy. While all vertebrate mammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees ‘catch’ yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends. Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships? 我们朋友的传染性打哈欠怎么办？有些人认为这归结为同理心。虽然所有脊椎动物都打哈欠，但只有人类和黑猩猩会“捕捉”其他动物的打哈欠。研究表明，在近亲和朋友的陪伴下，我们打哈欠的频率更高。打哈欠真的能帮助我们巩固最亲密的关系吗？If it does, next time you yawn in company, don’t feel too embarrassed. You’re just showing off your people skills.如果是这样，下次你在公司打哈欠时，不要觉得太尴尬。你只是在炫耀你的人际交往能力。词汇表contagious 会传染的 motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的 cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层 involuntary 不由自主的 physiological 生理的 physician 医生（尤指内科医生） cauldron （通常指架在火上的）大锅 colourful 有趣的，有声有色的 discounted 大打折扣的，有所减弱的 overheat 负荷过多，承载过多 rush （身体的）一阵感觉 sluggish 行动迟缓的 discredited 受到怀疑的，被质疑的 get-up-and-go 干劲 reflex 本能反应 cerebral 大脑的 come down to 归结为，归根结底在于 empathy 共鸣，共感 vertebrate 有脊椎的 cement 巩固（友谊） people skills 人际交往能力

第1509期:Why we yawn

I’ll let you into a secret. There’s a place that gets me every time: whenever I’m there, I can’t help but well up. Where is this tear-inducing location? It’s thousands of metres high in the sky, in the cabin of an aeroplane. Especially when there’s a trashy romantic comedy on. 我会让你进入一个秘密。每次都有一个地方让我感动：每当我在那里时，我都会情不自禁地振作起来。这个催泪的地方在哪里？它在数千米高的天空中，在飞机的机舱内。尤其是当有一部垃圾浪漫喜剧上演的时候。Why am I admitting this now? Because apparently, I’m not alone. English crooner Ed Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. And get this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess they’re more likely to cry during films in planes than watching at home. And 41% of men owned up to burying themselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experience heightened emotions when flying. 为什么我现在承认？因为显然，我并不孤单。英国歌手埃德希兰承认在飞行时也会情绪激动。明白这一点：伦敦盖特威克机场进行的一项调查发现，15% 的男性承认他们在飞机上看电影时比在家看电影时更容易哭泣。在维珍航空的另一项调查中，41% 的男性承认自己埋在毯子里隐藏眼泪。总体而言，维珍航空研究中 55% 的航空旅客声称他们在飞行时会情绪高涨。So, what’s going on? How does air travel tap into our hidden emotions? A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: you’re far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircraft’s flight. 发生什么了？航空旅行如何挖掘我们隐藏的情绪？荷兰的一项研究表明，成年人因分离、孤独或无力感而哭泣。所有这些在飞行时都很容易体验：您远离家人，经常独自一人，并且无法控制飞机的飞行。Another theory relates to the lack of distraction. When you’re strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, there’s not a lot you can do. So we are able to invest ourselves more fully into the movies we watch. 另一种理论与缺乏分心有关。当你被绑在空中密封舱的座位上时，你无能为力。因此，我们能够更充分地投入到我们观看的电影中。Then there’s the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeroplane resemble those at an altitude of 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude is euphoria, followed by depression.” 然后是物理空间。气压和氧气水平较低，这会影响我们的精神状态。飞机上的情况类似于海拔 2,400 米的情况。在这个高度减少的氧气会影响大脑。根据美国医学研究所的一项研究：“在高海拔地区经历的最初情绪是欣快感，然后是抑郁症。”And what about the movies themselves? Virgin say top culprits include tearjerkers such as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotional firepower even caused the aeroplane to slap tongue-in-cheek “emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011. 那么电影本身呢？维珍表示，罪魁祸首包括催人泪下的人，例如比利·埃利奥特（Billy Elliot）、《吃祈祷的爱》（Eat Pray Love）和排名第一的《玩具总动员》（Toy Story 3）。他们的情感火力甚至导致飞机在 2011 年在精选电影中开玩笑地发出“情感健康警告” .Virgin Atlantic film critic Jason Solomons said at the time, "On a flight, we're isolated, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. We're nervous, we're tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldn't, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects our emotional state, frankly we're suckers. Flying and films is a heady cocktail.维珍航空影评人杰森·所罗门斯（Jason Solomons）当时说：“在飞机上，我们被孤立，离开亲人或渴望与他们团聚。我们很紧张，我们很累，我们可能会在某个有时我们通常不会，如果我们看到一个图像，一个反映我们情绪状态的场景，坦率地说，我们是傻瓜。飞行和电影是一种令人陶醉的鸡尾酒。词汇表I can’t help but 我情不自禁地，我忍不住well up （眼泪）涌出cabin 客舱trashy 质量低劣的crooner 情歌歌手（通常指男歌手）get this （固定搭配）听听这个bury 埋藏heightened emotions 高亢的情绪tap into 进入，深入了解invest 投入altitude 海拔高度euphoria 亢奋，异常兴奋culprit 罪魁祸首tearjerker 催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等）firepower 火力tongue-in-cheek 开玩笑地isolated 隔离的，孤独的emotional state 情绪状态sucker 容易上当受骗的人cocktail 混合物，鸡尾酒

I’ll let you into a secret. There’s a place that gets me every time: whenever I’m there, I can’t help but well up. Where is this tear-inducing location? It’s thousands of metres high in the sky, in the cabin of an aeroplane. Especially when there’s a trashy romantic comedy on. 我会让你进入一个秘密。每次都有一个地方让我感动：每当我在那里时，我都会情不自禁地振作起来。这个催泪的地方在哪里？它在数千米高的天空中，在飞机的机舱内。尤其是当有一部垃圾浪漫喜剧上演的时候。Why am I admitting this now? Because apparently, I’m not alone. English crooner Ed Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. And get this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess they’re more likely to cry during films in planes than watching at home. And 41% of men owned up to burying themselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experience heightened emotions when flying. 为什么我现在承认？因为显然，我并不孤单。英国歌手埃德希兰承认在飞行时也会情绪激动。明白这一点：伦敦盖特威克机场进行的一项调查发现，15% 的男性承认他们在飞机上看电影时比在家看电影时更容易哭泣。在维珍航空的另一项调查中，41% 的男性承认自己埋在毯子里隐藏眼泪。总体而言，维珍航空研究中 55% 的航空旅客声称他们在飞行时会情绪高涨。So, what’s going on? How does air travel tap into our hidden emotions? A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: you’re far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircraft’s flight. 发生什么了？航空旅行如何挖掘我们隐藏的情绪？荷兰的一项研究表明，成年人因分离、孤独或无力感而哭泣。所有这些在飞行时都很容易体验：您远离家人，经常独自一人，并且无法控制飞机的飞行。Another theory relates to the lack of distraction. When you’re strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, there’s not a lot you can do. So we are able to invest ourselves more fully into the movies we watch. 另一种理论与缺乏分心有关。当你被绑在空中密封舱的座位上时，你无能为力。因此，我们能够更充分地投入到我们观看的电影中。Then there’s the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeroplane resemble those at an altitude of 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude is euphoria, followed by depression.” 然后是物理空间。气压和氧气水平较低，这会影响我们的精神状态。飞机上的情况类似于海拔 2,400 米的情况。在这个高度减少的氧气会影响大脑。根据美国医学研究所的一项研究：“在高海拔地区经历的最初情绪是欣快感，然后是抑郁症。”And what about the movies themselves? Virgin say top culprits include tearjerkers such as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotional firepower even caused the aeroplane to slap tongue-in-cheek “emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011. 那么电影本身呢？维珍表示，罪魁祸首包括催人泪下的人，例如比利·埃利奥特（Billy Elliot）、《吃祈祷的爱》（Eat Pray Love）和排名第一的《玩具总动员》（Toy Story 3）。他们的情感火力甚至导致飞机在 2011 年在精选电影中开玩笑地发出“情感健康警告” .Virgin Atlantic film critic Jason Solomons said at the time, "On a flight, we're isolated, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. We're nervous, we're tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldn't, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects our emotional state, frankly we're suckers. Flying and films is a heady cocktail.维珍航空影评人杰森·所罗门斯（Jason Solomons）当时说：“在飞机上，我们被孤立，离开亲人或渴望与他们团聚。我们很紧张，我们很累，我们可能会在某个有时我们通常不会，如果我们看到一个图像，一个反映我们情绪状态的场景，坦率地说，我们是傻瓜。飞行和电影是一种令人陶醉的鸡尾酒。词汇表I can’t help but 我情不自禁地，我忍不住 well up （眼泪）涌出 cabin 客舱 trashy 质量低劣的 crooner 情歌歌手（通常指男歌手） get this （固定搭配）听听这个 bury 埋藏 heightened emotions 高亢的情绪 tap into 进入，深入了解 invest 投入 altitude 海拔高度 euphoria 亢奋，异常兴奋 culprit 罪魁祸首 tearjerker 催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等） firepower 火力 tongue-in-cheek 开玩笑地 isolated 隔离的，孤独的 emotional state 情绪状态 sucker 容易上当受骗的人 cocktail 混合物，鸡尾酒

第1508期:Flying and emotion

Time to own up. When you’re sitting at your computer, do you work solidly all day? Or do you allow yourself to become distracted now and again… to open a few extra tabs, check social media, read a spot of news, browse the latest fashion trends, maybe catch up on some celebrity gossip, and look at some… 是时候拥有了。当您坐在电脑前时，您是否整天都在认真工作？或者你是否允许自己不时分心……打开一些额外的标签，查看社交媒体，阅读新闻，浏览最新的流行趋势，也许赶上一些名人八卦，看看一些……Stop! You’re ‘cyberloafing’. The unwieldy word is a combination of ‘cyber’, which means ‘related to computers’, and ‘loafing’, which means ‘relaxing in a lazy way’. We do it, and we do it a lot. A study from the University of Texas suggests we are guilty of this form of procrastination for 14% of our working day. On a Friday afternoon, I expect it’s more than that.   停止！你在“网络闲逛”。这个笨拙的词是“cyber”和“loafing”的组合，意思是“与计算机有关”，意思是“以懒惰的方式放松”。我们这样做，而且我们经常这样做。德克萨斯大学的一项研究表明，我们在工作日的 14% 中都犯了这种形式的拖延。在星期五的下午，我希望它不止于此。I’ll admit to indulging in the odd bout of cyberloafing myself. In fact I’ve already done it in the course of writing this story. OK, more than once. 我承认自己沉迷于奇怪的网络游荡。事实上，我在写这个故事的过程中已经这样做了。好的，不止一次。But it’s a slippery slope. It can damage your productivity and even your career. Because according to the Univeristy of Texas research, each time a worker gets sidetracked by the internet it takes an average of 23 minutes to get back to work.但这是一个滑坡。它会损害您的工作效率，甚至损害您的职业生涯。因为根据得克萨斯大学的研究，每次有员工被互联网转移，平均需要 23 分钟才能重新开始工作。More than that, cyberloafing has a dark side, according to a report published in The Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. It argues that cyberloafing is connected to several negative personality traits. People who cyberloaf are more likely to be manipulative, self-interested and narcissistic. Furthermore, people with these traits are less likely to feel remorse about avoiding work, and less concerned about getting caught.不仅如此，根据发表在《网络空间心理社会研究杂志》上的一份报告，网络游荡也有阴暗面。它认为网络闲逛与几个负面的人格特征有关。网络游荡的人更有可能是操纵者、自私自利和自恋的。此外，具有这些特征的人不太可能对逃避工作感到懊悔，也不太担心被抓住。Why do we do it? For some, it’s undoubtedly an escape from the drudgery of what they’re supposed to be doing. Or a way of avoiding tackling that ever growing in-tray. Some might get a feeling of satisfaction, get a buzz from finding a great deal online. But overall, it’s something that takes you away from what you’re actually being paid to do, or paying to do: if you’re a student. 为什么这样做呢？对于一些人来说，这无疑是从他们应该做的苦差事中解脱出来。或者是一种避免处理不断增长的托盘的方法。有些人可能会感到满足，从网上找到很多东西而引起轰动。但总的来说，这会让你远离你实际得到报酬或付出代价去做的事情：如果你是一名学生。When you have the whole world of the internet at your fingertips, it’s hard to resist.当您触手可及整个互联网世界时，您将难以抗拒。How do we nip it in the bud? If you can truly ask yourself why you are cyberloafing, then that can help identify the base problem. And if that sounds like too much hard work, you could just switch off the internet for a couple of hours! 我们如何将它扼杀在萌芽状态？如果你能真正问自己为什么要在网上闲逛，那么这可以帮助确定根本问题。如果这听起来太辛苦了，你可以关掉互联网几个小时！So in the meantime, let me just close those extra tabs…所以与此同时，让我关闭那些额外的标签......词汇表own up 承认，坦白（错误）solidly 扎扎实实地，连续地now and again 不时的tab （浏览器）窗口gossip 八卦，流言蜚语unwieldy 笨拙的indulge in 沉溺于odd 偶尔的bout（某活动的）一阵slippery slope 滑坡效应，下坡路productivity 生产率get sidetracked 使分心，注意力被转移了dark side 阴暗面，黑暗面manipulative 有控制欲的，爱摆布（他人）的self-interested 利己主义的，只为自己着想的narcissistic 自我欣赏的get a buzz 让人感到异常兴奋at your fingertips 近在手边to nip (something) in the bud 防患于未然

Time to own up. When you’re sitting at your computer, do you work solidly all day? Or do you allow yourself to become distracted now and again… to open a few extra tabs, check social media, read a spot of news, browse the latest fashion trends, maybe catch up on some celebrity gossip, and look at some… 是时候拥有了。当您坐在电脑前时，您是否整天都在认真工作？或者你是否允许自己不时分心……打开一些额外的标签，查看社交媒体，阅读新闻，浏览最新的流行趋势，也许赶上一些名人八卦，看看一些……Stop! You’re ‘cyberloafing’. The unwieldy word is a combination of ‘cyber’, which means ‘related to computers’, and ‘loafing’, which means ‘relaxing in a lazy way’. We do it, and we do it a lot. A study from the University of Texas suggests we are guilty of this form of procrastination for 14% of our working day. On a Friday afternoon, I expect it’s more than that.   停止！你在“网络闲逛”。这个笨拙的词是“cyber”和“loafing”的组合，意思是“与计算机有关”，意思是“以懒惰的方式放松”。我们这样做，而且我们经常这样做。德克萨斯大学的一项研究表明，我们在工作日的 14% 中都犯了这种形式的拖延。在星期五的下午，我希望它不止于此。I’ll admit to indulging in the odd bout of cyberloafing myself. In fact I’ve already done it in the course of writing this story. OK, more than once. 我承认自己沉迷于奇怪的网络游荡。事实上，我在写这个故事的过程中已经这样做了。好的，不止一次。But it’s a slippery slope. It can damage your productivity and even your career. Because according to the Univeristy of Texas research, each time a worker gets sidetracked by the internet it takes an average of 23 minutes to get back to work.但这是一个滑坡。它会损害您的工作效率，甚至损害您的职业生涯。因为根据得克萨斯大学的研究，每次有员工被互联网转移，平均需要 23 分钟才能重新开始工作。More than that, cyberloafing has a dark side, according to a report published in The Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. It argues that cyberloafing is connected to several negative personality traits. People who cyberloaf are more likely to be manipulative, self-interested and narcissistic. Furthermore, people with these traits are less likely to feel remorse about avoiding work, and less concerned about getting caught.不仅如此，根据发表在《网络空间心理社会研究杂志》上的一份报告，网络游荡也有阴暗面。它认为网络闲逛与几个负面的人格特征有关。网络游荡的人更有可能是操纵者、自私自利和自恋的。此外，具有这些特征的人不太可能对逃避工作感到懊悔，也不太担心被抓住。Why do we do it? For some, it’s undoubtedly an escape from the drudgery of what they’re supposed to be doing. Or a way of avoiding tackling that ever growing in-tray. Some might get a feeling of satisfaction, get a buzz from finding a great deal online. But overall, it’s something that takes you away from what you’re actually being paid to do, or paying to do: if you’re a student. 为什么这样做呢？对于一些人来说，这无疑是从他们应该做的苦差事中解脱出来。或者是一种避免处理不断增长的托盘的方法。有些人可能会感到满足，从网上找到很多东西而引起轰动。但总的来说，这会让你远离你实际得到报酬或付出代价去做的事情：如果你是一名学生。When you have the whole world of the internet at your fingertips, it’s hard to resist.当您触手可及整个互联网世界时，您将难以抗拒。How do we nip it in the bud? If you can truly ask yourself why you are cyberloafing, then that can help identify the base problem. And if that sounds like too much hard work, you could just switch off the internet for a couple of hours! 我们如何将它扼杀在萌芽状态？如果你能真正问自己为什么要在网上闲逛，那么这可以帮助确定根本问题。如果这听起来太辛苦了，你可以关掉互联网几个小时！So in the meantime, let me just close those extra tabs…所以与此同时，让我关闭那些额外的标签......词汇表own up 承认，坦白（错误）solidly 扎扎实实地，连续地 now and again 不时的 tab （浏览器）窗口 gossip 八卦，流言蜚语 unwieldy 笨拙的 indulge in 沉溺于 odd 偶尔的 bout（某活动的）一阵 slippery slope 滑坡效应，下坡路 productivity 生产率 get sidetracked 使分心，注意力被转移了 dark side 阴暗面，黑暗面 manipulative 有控制欲的，爱摆布（他人）的 self-interested 利己主义的，只为自己着想的 narcissistic 自我欣赏的 get a buzz 让人感到异常兴奋 at your fingertips 近在手边 to nip (something) in the bud 防患于未然

第1507期:The dangers of cyberloafing

Here’s a simple challenge: name a famous inventor. Perhaps Renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vinci springs to mind. Or the pioneer of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell. But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors, even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world.这是一个简单的挑战：命名一位著名的发明家。也许文艺复兴时期的博学家列奥纳多·达·芬奇会浮现在脑海中。或者电话的先驱亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔。但是你可能很难说出许多女性发明家的名字，尽管女性是现代世界一些最广泛使用的技术的幕后推手。For example, where would we be without the windscreen wiper? Back on a freezing winter’s day in 1902, Mary Anderson was travelling by tram through New York city. Snow was falling, forcing the driver to stop repeatedly and get out to clear it. Each time the door opened, Mary suffered a gust of sub-zero air. She had a brainwave: why not make some kind of a rubber blade that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And that’s exactly what she did. 例如，如果没有挡风玻璃雨刷器，我们会在哪里？回到 1902 年一个寒冷的冬日，玛丽·安德森乘坐电车穿越纽约市。雪在下，迫使司机反复停车并下车清理。每次门打开，玛丽都会遭受一阵低于零的空气。她有一个脑波：为什么不制造某种可以在车内操作的橡胶刀片呢？而这正是她所做的。Let’s step in from freezing New York for our next invention. The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th Century, and to the dinner parties thrown by a lady called Josephine Cochrane. As a frequent host, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than people. Her response was to develop what was to become the first commercially successful dishwasher. Interestingly, innovation was in her blood: her grandfather had invented the steamboat. 让我们从寒冷的纽约踏入我们的下一个发明。洗碗机的历史可以追溯到更早的 19 世纪，以及一位名叫 Josephine Cochrane 的女士举办的晚宴。作为常客，她想要一台洗碗速度比人还快的机器。她的反应是开发成为第一台商业上成功的洗碗机。有趣的是，她的血液里流淌着创新：她的祖父发明了汽船。Need something to do while the dishwasher is whirring away? How about a round of Monopoly? One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904. Her intention was to create a game to highlight what she saw as the pitfalls of capitalism. It was originally called The Landlord’s Game. 洗碗机运转时需要做点什么吗？一轮垄断怎么样？作为最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一，规则首先由一位名叫伊丽莎白玛姬的女士制定，并于 1904 年获得专利。她的目的是创造一款游戏来突出她所看到的资本主义陷阱。它最初被称为房东的游戏。To an altogether different kind of innovation: Kevlar is the lightweight fibre used in bulletproof vests. The material is used by millions every day and has saved countless lives. The super tough fabric is also used in objects ranging from gloves to aeroplanes to wind turbines. Incredibly, its strength-to-weight ratio is five times higher than steel. Again, it was invented by a woman, the American chemist Stephanie Kwolek, in 1964. 一种完全不同的创新：Kevlar 是用于防弹背心的轻质纤维。该材料每天被数百万人使用，并挽救了无数生命。这种超坚韧的织物也用于从手套到飞机到风力涡轮机的各种物品。令人难以置信的是，它的强度重量比是钢的五倍。再一次，它是由一位女性、美国化学家 Stephanie Kwolek 在 1964 年发明的。Finally, one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the computer programme. The world of programming is notoriously unbalanced in terms of gender. Men vastly outnumber women, and take home around 30% more pay than their female counterparts on average. But back in the 1940s and 50s, women were at the forefront of this new field. Grace Hopper is credited with inventing the first compiler in 1952, which serves as the bridge between code and the binary ones and zeros understood by computers.最后，20 世纪最重要的发明之一肯定是计算机程序。众所周知，编程世界在性别方面是不平衡的。男性的人数远远超过女性，平均而言，男性的工资比女性高出约 30%。但早在 1940 年代和 50 年代，女性就处于这一新领域的前沿。Grace Hopper 因在 1952 年发明了第一个编译器而受到赞誉，它充当了代码与计算机理解的二进制 1 和 0 之间的桥梁。词汇表polymath 博学者，博学的人spring to mind 突然呈现在脑海中pioneer 先锋hard-pressed （由于缺少时间）面临困难的where would we be without… 假如没有…我们将会是怎样的？windscreen wiper 雨刷器sub-zero 温度在零度以下的brainwave （突发的）灵感，妙计dishwasher 洗碗机throw (a party) 举办（聚会）in someone’s blood 在某人的血液中，在骨子里whirr （洗衣机）发出嗡嗡声patent 注册专利权pitfall 陷阱bulletproof vest 防弹背心wind turbine 风力发电机notoriously 出了名地（负面），声名狼藉地gender 性别outnumber 在数量上压倒binary 二进位制

Here’s a simple challenge: name a famous inventor. Perhaps Renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vinci springs to mind. Or the pioneer of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell. But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors, even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world.这是一个简单的挑战：命名一位著名的发明家。也许文艺复兴时期的博学家列奥纳多·达·芬奇会浮现在脑海中。或者电话的先驱亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔。但是你可能很难说出许多女性发明家的名字，尽管女性是现代世界一些最广泛使用的技术的幕后推手。For example, where would we be without the windscreen wiper? Back on a freezing winter’s day in 1902, Mary Anderson was travelling by tram through New York city. Snow was falling, forcing the driver to stop repeatedly and get out to clear it. Each time the door opened, Mary suffered a gust of sub-zero air. She had a brainwave: why not make some kind of a rubber blade that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And that’s exactly what she did. 例如，如果没有挡风玻璃雨刷器，我们会在哪里？回到 1902 年一个寒冷的冬日，玛丽·安德森乘坐电车穿越纽约市。雪在下，迫使司机反复停车并下车清理。每次门打开，玛丽都会遭受一阵低于零的空气。她有一个脑波：为什么不制造某种可以在车内操作的橡胶刀片呢？而这正是她所做的。Let’s step in from freezing New York for our next invention. The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th Century, and to the dinner parties thrown by a lady called Josephine Cochrane. As a frequent host, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than people. Her response was to develop what was to become the first commercially successful dishwasher. Interestingly, innovation was in her blood: her grandfather had invented the steamboat. 让我们从寒冷的纽约踏入我们的下一个发明。洗碗机的历史可以追溯到更早的 19 世纪，以及一位名叫 Josephine Cochrane 的女士举办的晚宴。作为常客，她想要一台洗碗速度比人还快的机器。她的反应是开发成为第一台商业上成功的洗碗机。有趣的是，她的血液里流淌着创新：她的祖父发明了汽船。Need something to do while the dishwasher is whirring away? How about a round of Monopoly? One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904. Her intention was to create a game to highlight what she saw as the pitfalls of capitalism. It was originally called The Landlord’s Game. 洗碗机运转时需要做点什么吗？一轮垄断怎么样？作为最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一，规则首先由一位名叫伊丽莎白玛姬的女士制定，并于 1904 年获得专利。她的目的是创造一款游戏来突出她所看到的资本主义陷阱。它最初被称为房东的游戏。To an altogether different kind of innovation: Kevlar is the lightweight fibre used in bulletproof vests. The material is used by millions every day and has saved countless lives. The super tough fabric is also used in objects ranging from gloves to aeroplanes to wind turbines. Incredibly, its strength-to-weight ratio is five times higher than steel. Again, it was invented by a woman, the American chemist Stephanie Kwolek, in 1964. 一种完全不同的创新：Kevlar 是用于防弹背心的轻质纤维。该材料每天被数百万人使用，并挽救了无数生命。这种超坚韧的织物也用于从手套到飞机到风力涡轮机的各种物品。令人难以置信的是，它的强度重量比是钢的五倍。再一次，它是由一位女性、美国化学家 Stephanie Kwolek 在 1964 年发明的。Finally, one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the computer programme. The world of programming is notoriously unbalanced in terms of gender. Men vastly outnumber women, and take home around 30% more pay than their female counterparts on average. But back in the 1940s and 50s, women were at the forefront of this new field. Grace Hopper is credited with inventing the first compiler in 1952, which serves as the bridge between code and the binary ones and zeros understood by computers.最后，20 世纪最重要的发明之一肯定是计算机程序。众所周知，编程世界在性别方面是不平衡的。男性的人数远远超过女性，平均而言，男性的工资比女性高出约 30%。但早在 1940 年代和 50 年代，女性就处于这一新领域的前沿。Grace Hopper 因在 1952 年发明了第一个编译器而受到赞誉，它充当了代码与计算机理解的二进制 1 和 0 之间的桥梁。词汇表polymath 博学者，博学的人spring to mind 突然呈现在脑海中 pioneer 先锋 hard-pressed （由于缺少时间）面临困难的 where would we be without… 假如没有…我们将会是怎样的？ windscreen wiper 雨刷器 sub-zero 温度在零度以下的 brainwave （突发的）灵感，妙计 dishwasher 洗碗机 throw (a party) 举办（聚会） in someone’s blood 在某人的血液中，在骨子里 whirr （洗衣机）发出嗡嗡声 patent 注册专利权 pitfall 陷阱 bulletproof vest 防弹背心 wind turbine 风力发电机 notoriously 出了名地（负面），声名狼藉地 gender 性别 outnumber 在数量上压倒 binary 二进位制

第1506期:Five things invented by women

We all have one, don’t we? A friend who’s always late. The one who turns up for coffee a full half hour after the appointed time. The one who seems to be forever ‘stuck in traffic’. The dear pal who sends a message saying “Sorry, bit delayed”, when they’re already 20 minutes behind schedule. I mean, what kind of a friend is that? Or just maybe, if you’re really honest, this persistently tardy individual is actually you yourself?我们都有一个，不是吗？一个总是迟到的朋友。那个在指定时间后整整半小时来喝咖啡的人。那个似乎永远“陷入交通堵塞”的人。亲爱的朋友，当他们已经晚了 20 分钟时，发送一条消息说“对不起，有点延迟”。我的意思是，那是什么样的朋友？或者只是也许，如果你真的很诚实，这个一直迟到的人实际上就是你自己？Either way, if you’re on the receiving end, lateness can be extremely irritating, even infuriating. How on earth can people be so inconsiderate? 无论哪种方式，如果您处于接收端，迟到可能会非常烦人，甚至令人愤怒。人怎么可以这么不体贴？Well, recent research suggests that there might be more to this than simple rudeness. Psychologists from Washington University believe people perceive time differently. Their study gave participants a specific amount of time in which to complete a task, and even provided them with a clock. Despite this, some people became so engrossed in the activity that they completely lost track of time and forgot to check the clock.好吧，最近的研究表明，这可能不仅仅是简单的粗鲁。华盛顿大学的心理学家认为，人们对时间的感知是不同的。他们的研究为参与者提供了完成任务的特定时间，甚至为他们提供了一个时钟。尽管如此，还是有一些人全神贯注于这项活动，以至于他们完全忘记了时间，忘记了看表。According to psychologist Dr Susan Krauss Whitborne, from University of Masachussetts Amherst, this is like when we scroll through our social media feed and think only five minutes have elapsed, when in fact twenty have slipped by. Does that feel familiar? She writes in Psychology Today that those who were better at clock-checking were therefore “less reliant on their potentially flawed internal timekeeper.” So, what about the reasons beyond our faulty inner clocks?根据马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的心理学家 Susan Krauss Whitborne 博士的说法，这就像我们滚动浏览社交媒体并认为只过了五分钟，而实际上已经过去了二十分钟。是不是感觉很熟悉？她在《今日心理学》中写道，那些更擅长检查时钟的人因此“较少依赖于他们可能存在缺陷的内部计时员”。那么，除了我们的错误内部时钟之外的原因呢？Well, our personality also plays a role. Laura Clarke writes for BBC Capital that the less punctual among us often share traits such as “optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking”.Why optimism, you ask? Optimists tend to overestimate how much they can achieve and underestimate problems – which means they don’t account for the long traffic jam on the way to meet you for that coffee.好吧，我们的个性也起着作用。劳拉·克拉克（Laura Clarke）为 BBC Capital 撰文称，我们当中不太守时的人通常具有“乐观、低水平的自我控制、焦虑或寻求刺激的嗜好”等特征。你问为什么要乐观？乐观主义者往往高估他们能取得多少成就而低估问题——这意味着他们没有考虑到在与你见面喝咖啡的路上长时间的交通拥堵。Here’s another thought: maybe language is to blame? The English phrase ‘to be fashionably late’ is used to describe the optimum time to arrive at an event. If you’re too early, you can appear overly eager, but if you’re a bit late you seem cool and sophisticated. The problem is, what one person regards as fashionably late, another may view as plain impolite. So, next time you have coffee, do try to be on time.这是另一个想法：也许是语言的罪魁祸首？英文短语“to be fashionly late”用于描述到达活动的最佳时间。如果你来得太早，你可能会显得过于渴望，但如果你来晚了，你会显得很酷和老练。问题是，一个人认为迟到是时髦的，另一个人可能会认为是完全不礼貌的。所以，下次你喝咖啡的时候，一定要准时。词汇表the appointed time 约好的时间stuck in traffic 堵在路上behind schedule 迟于约定的时间persistently 一次又一次地tardy 迟到的，行动缓慢的on the receiving end 等人的那一方infuriating 令人愤怒的inconsiderate 不为他人着想的，不体谅别人的perceive 看待engrossed 全身贯注的lose track of time 忘记时间feed （社交媒体上的）状态更新elapse （时间）流逝slip by 不知不觉地流逝timekeeper （个人）对时间的把握punctual 守时的a penchant for （拥有）…的嗜好，倾向thrill-seeking 追求刺激的overestimate 高估to be fashionably late “约会故意迟到一会儿”，以显示自己处事老练而时髦

We all have one, don’t we? A friend who’s always late. The one who turns up for coffee a full half hour after the appointed time. The one who seems to be forever ‘stuck in traffic’. The dear pal who sends a message saying “Sorry, bit delayed”, when they’re already 20 minutes behind schedule. I mean, what kind of a friend is that? Or just maybe, if you’re really honest, this persistently tardy individual is actually you yourself?我们都有一个，不是吗？一个总是迟到的朋友。那个在指定时间后整整半小时来喝咖啡的人。那个似乎永远“陷入交通堵塞”的人。亲爱的朋友，当他们已经晚了 20 分钟时，发送一条消息说“对不起，有点延迟”。我的意思是，那是什么样的朋友？或者只是也许，如果你真的很诚实，这个一直迟到的人实际上就是你自己？Either way, if you’re on the receiving end, lateness can be extremely irritating, even infuriating. How on earth can people be so inconsiderate? 无论哪种方式，如果您处于接收端，迟到可能会非常烦人，甚至令人愤怒。人怎么可以这么不体贴？Well, recent research suggests that there might be more to this than simple rudeness. Psychologists from Washington University believe people perceive time differently. Their study gave participants a specific amount of time in which to complete a task, and even provided them with a clock. Despite this, some people became so engrossed in the activity that they completely lost track of time and forgot to check the clock.好吧，最近的研究表明，这可能不仅仅是简单的粗鲁。华盛顿大学的心理学家认为，人们对时间的感知是不同的。他们的研究为参与者提供了完成任务的特定时间，甚至为他们提供了一个时钟。尽管如此，还是有一些人全神贯注于这项活动，以至于他们完全忘记了时间，忘记了看表。According to psychologist Dr Susan Krauss Whitborne, from University of Masachussetts Amherst, this is like when we scroll through our social media feed and think only five minutes have elapsed, when in fact twenty have slipped by. Does that feel familiar? She writes in Psychology Today that those who were better at clock-checking were therefore “less reliant on their potentially flawed internal timekeeper.” So, what about the reasons beyond our faulty inner clocks?根据马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的心理学家 Susan Krauss Whitborne 博士的说法，这就像我们滚动浏览社交媒体并认为只过了五分钟，而实际上已经过去了二十分钟。是不是感觉很熟悉？她在《今日心理学》中写道，那些更擅长检查时钟的人因此“较少依赖于他们可能存在缺陷的内部计时员”。那么，除了我们的错误内部时钟之外的原因呢？Well, our personality also plays a role. Laura Clarke writes for BBC Capital that the less punctual among us often share traits such as “optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking”.Why optimism, you ask? Optimists tend to overestimate how much they can achieve and underestimate problems – which means they don’t account for the long traffic jam on the way to meet you for that coffee.好吧，我们的个性也起着作用。劳拉·克拉克（Laura Clarke）为 BBC Capital 撰文称，我们当中不太守时的人通常具有“乐观、低水平的自我控制、焦虑或寻求刺激的嗜好”等特征。你问为什么要乐观？乐观主义者往往高估他们能取得多少成就而低估问题——这意味着他们没有考虑到在与你见面喝咖啡的路上长时间的交通拥堵。Here’s another thought: maybe language is to blame? The English phrase ‘to be fashionably late’ is used to describe the optimum time to arrive at an event. If you’re too early, you can appear overly eager, but if you’re a bit late you seem cool and sophisticated. The problem is, what one person regards as fashionably late, another may view as plain impolite. So, next time you have coffee, do try to be on time.这是另一个想法：也许是语言的罪魁祸首？英文短语“to be fashionly late”用于描述到达活动的最佳时间。如果你来得太早，你可能会显得过于渴望，但如果你来晚了，你会显得很酷和老练。问题是，一个人认为迟到是时髦的，另一个人可能会认为是完全不礼貌的。所以，下次你喝咖啡的时候，一定要准时。词汇表the appointed time 约好的时间 stuck in traffic 堵在路上 behind schedule 迟于约定的时间 persistently 一次又一次地 tardy 迟到的，行动缓慢的 on the receiving end 等人的那一方 infuriating 令人愤怒的 inconsiderate 不为他人着想的，不体谅别人的 perceive 看待 engrossed 全身贯注的 lose track of time 忘记时间 feed （社交媒体上的）状态更新 elapse （时间）流逝 slip by 不知不觉地流逝 timekeeper （个人）对时间的把握 punctual 守时的 a penchant for （拥有）…的嗜好，倾向 thrill-seeking 追求刺激的 overestimate 高估 to be fashionably late “约会故意迟到一会儿”，以显示自己处事老练而时髦

第1505期:Why some people are always late

You know the feeling. You’re stuck in bumper-to-bumper traffic. It’s going to be hours before you get home. As we know all too well, congestion is one of the downsides of modern city living. Don’t you wish you could just take to the skies and soar above it all in a helicopter? 你知道那种感觉。你被困在一个接一个的交通中。在你回家之前还有几个小时。众所周知，拥堵是现代城市生活的弊端之一。你不希望你可以乘坐直升机飞上天空并翱翔于一切之上吗？Well, wish no more. Right now, the race is on to release the first commercially viable sky taxi. No longer will personal air travel be the preserve of the super wealthy, say optimistic tech entrepreneurs. There’s just one catch: how do you feel about having no pilot? 好吧，不要再希望了。目前，推出第一款商业上可行的空中出租车的竞赛正在进行中。乐观的科技企业家说，私人航空旅行不再是超级富豪的专利。只有一个问题：你觉得没有飞行员怎么样？For brave passengers, the city of Dubai plans to roll out rides on their pilotless drone taxi project by the end of this year. You can buckle up and share the ride with one other passenger in their 18-rotor craft, developed by German start-up Volocopter, with a top speed of 100km/h and a flight time of around 30 minutes. 对于勇敢的乘客，迪拜市计划在今年年底前推出无人驾驶出租车项目。您可以系好安全带并与另一位乘客一起乘坐由德国初创公司 Volocopter 开发的 18 旋翼飞行器，最高时速为 100 公里/小时，飞行时间约为 30 分钟。If you have more friends, French aviation company Airbus are working on a drone which can carry four to six customers. Or if you prefer your own company, Chinese firm Ehang are pioneering a single-seater drone, which stays airborne for 23 minutes.如果你有更多的朋友，法国航空公司空中客车公司正在研制一种可以搭载四到六个客户的无人机。或者，如果你更喜欢自己的公司，中国公司亿航正在开创一种单座无人机，它可以在空中停留 23 分钟。Ride-hailing company Uber also want a piece of the action. They say drones like this are the “future of on-demand urban air transportation”. They recently poached NASA chief technologist Mark Moore to help them develop a drone taxi. And he claims it won’t cost the earth. Moore told the BBC that with three or four passengers sharing, it would be “very similar to what an UberX [car] costs today”.叫车公司优步也想分一杯羹。他们说像这样的无人机是“按需城市航空运输的未来”。他们最近挖走了美国宇航局首席技术专家马克摩尔，帮助他们开发无人驾驶出租车。他声称这不会花费地球。摩尔告诉英国广播公司，三到四名乘客共享，这将“与今天 UberX [汽车] 的成本非常相似”。So far so good. But naturally, a number of questions remain. On the technical side, there’s the problem of batteries. A 23-minute flight could get you across town, but how and where does the battery recharge?到目前为止，一切都很好。但自然地，仍然存在许多问题。在技术方面，存在电池问题。23 分钟的飞行可以让您穿越城镇，但电池如何以及在哪里充电？And regulations are a challenge too. US authorities require aircraft to carry at least 20 minutes of spare fuel. If you only have 23 or even 30 in total, that leaves very little leeway. Control of access to flight paths will also need to be worked out.监管也是一个挑战。美国当局要求飞机携带至少 20 分钟的备用燃料。如果你总共只有 23 个甚至 30 个，那么余地很小。还需要制定对飞行路径的控制。Even if these issues are tackled successfully, there’s still the biggie: safety. Will passengers really be willing to put their lives in the hands of a flying robot? Winning the trust of the regulators and the public may take time. But when they do, well, the sky’s the limit.即使成功解决了这些问题，仍然有一个大问题：安全。乘客真的愿意将自己的生命交给飞行机器人吗？赢得监管机构和公众的信任可能需要时间。但是当他们这样做时，好吧，天空就是极限。bumper-to-bumper （交通）非常拥堵的congestion 堵车，交通堵塞to take to the skies 冲上云霄the race is on 竞争已经开始viable 可行的，有望成功的preserve （某类人群的）专利catch 暗藏的问题drone 无人驾驶的飞机to buckle up 系好安全带craft 飞行器aviation 航空airborne 在空中的ride-hailing （提供）叫车（服务）的a piece of the action （口语）分一杯羹on-demand 按需的to cost the earth （英式口语）漫天要价leeway 富余的时间flight path 飞行的路线，航线biggie （口语）重要的事情the sky's the limit “天空是极限”，没有做不到的事情

You know the feeling. You’re stuck in bumper-to-bumper traffic. It’s going to be hours before you get home. As we know all too well, congestion is one of the downsides of modern city living. Don’t you wish you could just take to the skies and soar above it all in a helicopter? 你知道那种感觉。你被困在一个接一个的交通中。在你回家之前还有几个小时。众所周知，拥堵是现代城市生活的弊端之一。你不希望你可以乘坐直升机飞上天空并翱翔于一切之上吗？Well, wish no more. Right now, the race is on to release the first commercially viable sky taxi. No longer will personal air travel be the preserve of the super wealthy, say optimistic tech entrepreneurs. There’s just one catch: how do you feel about having no pilot? 好吧，不要再希望了。目前，推出第一款商业上可行的空中出租车的竞赛正在进行中。乐观的科技企业家说，私人航空旅行不再是超级富豪的专利。只有一个问题：你觉得没有飞行员怎么样？For brave passengers, the city of Dubai plans to roll out rides on their pilotless drone taxi project by the end of this year. You can buckle up and share the ride with one other passenger in their 18-rotor craft, developed by German start-up Volocopter, with a top speed of 100km/h and a flight time of around 30 minutes. 对于勇敢的乘客，迪拜市计划在今年年底前推出无人驾驶出租车项目。您可以系好安全带并与另一位乘客一起乘坐由德国初创公司 Volocopter 开发的 18 旋翼飞行器，最高时速为 100 公里/小时，飞行时间约为 30 分钟。If you have more friends, French aviation company Airbus are working on a drone which can carry four to six customers. Or if you prefer your own company, Chinese firm Ehang are pioneering a single-seater drone, which stays airborne for 23 minutes.如果你有更多的朋友，法国航空公司空中客车公司正在研制一种可以搭载四到六个客户的无人机。或者，如果你更喜欢自己的公司，中国公司亿航正在开创一种单座无人机，它可以在空中停留 23 分钟。Ride-hailing company Uber also want a piece of the action. They say drones like this are the “future of on-demand urban air transportation”. They recently poached NASA chief technologist Mark Moore to help them develop a drone taxi. And he claims it won’t cost the earth. Moore told the BBC that with three or four passengers sharing, it would be “very similar to what an UberX [car] costs today”.叫车公司优步也想分一杯羹。他们说像这样的无人机是“按需城市航空运输的未来”。他们最近挖走了美国宇航局首席技术专家马克摩尔，帮助他们开发无人驾驶出租车。他声称这不会花费地球。摩尔告诉英国广播公司，三到四名乘客共享，这将“与今天 UberX [汽车] 的成本非常相似”。So far so good. But naturally, a number of questions remain. On the technical side, there’s the problem of batteries. A 23-minute flight could get you across town, but how and where does the battery recharge?到目前为止，一切都很好。但自然地，仍然存在许多问题。在技术方面，存在电池问题。23 分钟的飞行可以让您穿越城镇，但电池如何以及在哪里充电？And regulations are a challenge too. US authorities require aircraft to carry at least 20 minutes of spare fuel. If you only have 23 or even 30 in total, that leaves very little leeway. Control of access to flight paths will also need to be worked out.监管也是一个挑战。美国当局要求飞机携带至少 20 分钟的备用燃料。如果你总共只有 23 个甚至 30 个，那么余地很小。还需要制定对飞行路径的控制。Even if these issues are tackled successfully, there’s still the biggie: safety. Will passengers really be willing to put their lives in the hands of a flying robot? Winning the trust of the regulators and the public may take time. But when they do, well, the sky’s the limit.即使成功解决了这些问题，仍然有一个大问题：安全。乘客真的愿意将自己的生命交给飞行机器人吗？赢得监管机构和公众的信任可能需要时间。但是当他们这样做时，好吧，天空就是极限。bumper-to-bumper （交通）非常拥堵的 congestion 堵车，交通堵塞 to take to the skies 冲上云霄 the race is on 竞争已经开始 viable 可行的，有望成功的 preserve （某类人群的）专利 catch 暗藏的问题 drone 无人驾驶的飞机 to buckle up 系好安全带 craft 飞行器 aviation 航空 airborne 在空中的 ride-hailing （提供）叫车（服务）的 a piece of the action （口语）分一杯羹 on-demand 按需的 to cost the earth （英式口语）漫天要价 leeway 富余的时间 flight path 飞行的路线，航线 biggie （口语）重要的事情 the sky's the limit “天空是极限”，没有做不到的事情

第1504期:The sky taxis with no pilots

If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old aphorism goes. It refers to the idea that something which does not get utilised regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the trumpet. You might find yourself a bit rusty the next time you pick one up – or maybe you’ve forgotten altogether!  Muscles are another example. They will waste away without use. In order to counteract this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，这就是古老的格言。它指的是没有定期使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态的想法。比如一个你几年没做过的爱好，比如吹小号。下次你拿起一个时，你可能会发现自己有点生锈了——或者你可能完全忘记了！肌肉是另一个例子。他们将毫无用处地浪费掉。为了抵消这一点，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能敏锐。Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline. In some cases this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia, which I’m sure you will agree, no one wants. However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes into our hands that can test, maintain and even augment our memories, mathematical skills, logic skills and a raft of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains nice and sharp, right?那么，大脑呢？随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑自然会开始衰退。在某些情况下，这可能会导致某些精神状况，例如痴呆症，我相信您会同意，没有人愿意。然而，一切都没有丢失，因为现在训练你的大脑相对容易。智能手机和应用程序已将程序置于我们手中，这些程序可以测试、维持甚至增强我们的记忆力、数学技能、逻辑技能和大量其他心智能力。每天稍加练习，我们就可以让我们的大脑保持良好和敏锐，对吗？Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people thought it was important to play online games, such as puzzles and mind games, which are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits was “weak to non-existent”. Playing a ‘brain game’ may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive abilities. In other words, doing hundreds of sudoku puzzles might make you a sudoku wizard, but it doesn’t necessarily improve your ability to do your accounting.嗯，不，实际上。根据全球大脑健康委员会的一份报告，尽管许多人认为玩旨在改善大脑健康的益智游戏和智力游戏等在线游戏很重要，但其益处的证据“微弱到无——存在”。玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏性能，但这尚未显示出令人信服的人们日常认知能力的结果。换句话说，做数百个数独谜题可能会让你成为数独巫师，但这并不一定能提高你的会计能力。It’s not all doom and gloom though. There are other ways to stimulate the old grey matter. It recommends seeking out new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering.但这并不全是厄运和悲观。还有其他方法可以刺激旧的灰质。它建议寻找新的活动来挑战您的思维方式和社交参与方式，同时带来健康的生活方式。他们的建议包括练习太极拳、参加摄影课、学习新技术、园艺、艺术项目或志愿服务。There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK has said that brain decline is not inevitable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, make haste, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. And as for me? I’m off to learn the piano.还有更多好消息。英国时代的首席科学家詹姆斯古德温表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对您来说是新的并且需要您集中注意力”，它们就可以为大脑健康带来好处。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。至于我呢？我要去学钢琴了。词汇表aphorism 格言utilise 利用，使用a state of decline 退化、衰退的状态rusty （因长期不去做而）生疏的altogether 彻底地，全部地waste away 逐渐衰退counteract 对抗，抵消keep sharp 保持（技术）熟练；保持（头脑）敏锐augment 增强、加强a raft of 许多，大量non-existent 不存在的cognitive 认知的wizard 能手，“达人”doom and gloom 前景悲观，一片黯淡stimulate 促进（身体某部位的）功能grey matter “灰质”，头脑inevitable 不可避免的make haste （旧式说法）快点

If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old aphorism goes. It refers to the idea that something which does not get utilised regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the trumpet. You might find yourself a bit rusty the next time you pick one up – or maybe you’ve forgotten altogether!  Muscles are another example. They will waste away without use. In order to counteract this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，这就是古老的格言。它指的是没有定期使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态的想法。比如一个你几年没做过的爱好，比如吹小号。下次你拿起一个时，你可能会发现自己有点生锈了——或者你可能完全忘记了！肌肉是另一个例子。他们将毫无用处地浪费掉。为了抵消这一点，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能敏锐。Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline. In some cases this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia, which I’m sure you will agree, no one wants. However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes into our hands that can test, maintain and even augment our memories, mathematical skills, logic skills and a raft of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains nice and sharp, right?那么，大脑呢？随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑自然会开始衰退。在某些情况下，这可能会导致某些精神状况，例如痴呆症，我相信您会同意，没有人愿意。然而，一切都没有丢失，因为现在训练你的大脑相对容易。智能手机和应用程序已将程序置于我们手中，这些程序可以测试、维持甚至增强我们的记忆力、数学技能、逻辑技能和大量其他心智能力。每天稍加练习，我们就可以让我们的大脑保持良好和敏锐，对吗？Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people thought it was important to play online games, such as puzzles and mind games, which are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits was “weak to non-existent”. Playing a ‘brain game’ may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive abilities. In other words, doing hundreds of sudoku puzzles might make you a sudoku wizard, but it doesn’t necessarily improve your ability to do your accounting.嗯，不，实际上。根据全球大脑健康委员会的一份报告，尽管许多人认为玩旨在改善大脑健康的益智游戏和智力游戏等在线游戏很重要，但其益处的证据“微弱到无——存在”。玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏性能，但这尚未显示出令人信服的人们日常认知能力的结果。换句话说，做数百个数独谜题可能会让你成为数独巫师，但这并不一定能提高你的会计能力。It’s not all doom and gloom though. There are other ways to stimulate the old grey matter. It recommends seeking out new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering.但这并不全是厄运和悲观。还有其他方法可以刺激旧的灰质。它建议寻找新的活动来挑战您的思维方式和社交参与方式，同时带来健康的生活方式。他们的建议包括练习太极拳、参加摄影课、学习新技术、园艺、艺术项目或志愿服务。There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK has said that brain decline is not inevitable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, make haste, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. And as for me? I’m off to learn the piano.还有更多好消息。英国时代的首席科学家詹姆斯古德温表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对您来说是新的并且需要您集中注意力”，它们就可以为大脑健康带来好处。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。至于我呢？我要去学钢琴了。词汇表aphorism 格言 utilise 利用，使用 a state of decline 退化、衰退的状态 rusty （因长期不去做而）生疏的 altogether 彻底地，全部地 waste away 逐渐衰退 counteract 对抗，抵消 keep sharp 保持（技术）熟练；保持（头脑）敏锐 augment 增强、加强 a raft of 许多，大量 non-existent 不存在的 cognitive 认知的 wizard 能手，“达人” doom and gloom 前景悲观，一片黯淡 stimulate 促进（身体某部位的）功能 grey matter “灰质”，头脑 inevitable 不可避免的 make haste （旧式说法）快点

第1503期:Do brain training games actually work?

Let's be honest – I'm sure we've all done something a little dishonest in our lives – maybe copying someone's work, borrowing some money from a friend and not paying them back or being given too much change in a shop and keeping quiet about it. Or maybe I'm wrong, maybe you're a good, upstanding citizen who believes that honesty is the best policy.老实说——我敢肯定我们在生活中都做过一些不诚实的事情——也许是抄袭别人的作品，从朋友那里借了一些钱却不还，或者在商店里给了太多零钱，对这些事情保持沉默它。或者也许我错了，也许你是一个善良、正直的公民，他相信诚实是最好的政策。This proverb, 'honesty is the best policy', was written back in the 1700s by American statesman, Benjamin Franklin. We may agree that owning up to our mistakes and behaving in a genuine and decent way, is the right way to lead our lives but is there something in our human nature that makes us unscrupulous? For example, in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box – a box where you pay for something by putting money in it – but it relies on you putting the right amount of cash in. This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a temptation to get away with not paying the full amount.这句谚语“诚实是最好的政策”是美国政治家本杰明·富兰克林在 1700 年代写的。我们可能会同意，承认自己的错误并以真诚和体面的方式行事，是我们生活的正确方式，但我们的人性中是否有某些东西使我们肆无忌惮？例如，在一些商店和停车场，你可以找到一个诚实的盒子——一个你通过把钱投入其中来支付某物的盒子——但它依赖于你投入了适量的现金。这依赖于人们的诚实而不是诚实。试图作弊，但它确实提供了逃避不支付全部金额的诱惑。Philip Graves, a psychologist, and author of the book Consumerology, suggests that this temptation is part of our evolution. He says: "We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest. It's part of our evolutionary psychological make up – because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving."心理学家、《消费者学》一书的作者菲利普·格雷夫斯认为，这种诱惑是我们进化的一部分。他说：“我们已经进化出不诚实的能力。这是我们进化心理构成的一部分——因为如果我们能够比周围的人获得优势，我们就有更大的生存机会。”So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? It's because it is selfish behaviour – which other members of our social group won't like. If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place. As Philip Graves says: "There is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group." So, for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.那么，如果我们从不诚实中受益，为什么还要如此重视诚实呢？这是因为这是自私的行为——我们社会群体的其他成员不喜欢这种行为。如果每个人都自私和不诚实地行事，世界将是一个非常不愉快的地方。正如菲利普·格雷夫斯所说：“可以说，我们可以在多大程度上为自己的巢穴添砖加瓦，与被群体排斥的风险之间要取得平衡。”所以，为了让社会一起工作，我们需要相互信任，因此我们需要诚实。Being trustworthy with money is of course crucial for an economy to survive and there are laws to protect us from dishonest practices like corruption and fraud. But being honest with words is another matter; saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water. However a new anonymous messaging app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile to send you a message without knowing who it's from. The app now has 300 million users which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to be – but in all honesty, do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty always the best policy?!对金钱的信任当然对于经济的生存至关重要，并且有法律可以保护我们免受腐败和欺诈等不诚实行为的侵害。但说实话是另一回事；对别人说出我们的想法会让我们陷入困境。然而，我们设计了一个新的匿名消息应用程序，让任何拥有您个人资料链接的人都可以在不知道来自谁的情况下向您发送消息。该应用程序现在拥有 3 亿用户，这或许表明我们真的很想诚实——但老实说，你想知道人们对你的看法吗？诚实永远是最好的政策吗？！词汇表let's be honest 咱们诚实点，实话实说dishonest 不诚实的upstanding 正直的honesty is the best policy 诚实是上策own up 承认，坦白decent 正派的unscrupulous 不诚实的，没有道德原则的honesty box (没有服务人员时) 公众凭自觉与诚实去付款的容器cheat 欺骗temptation 有诱惑力的事情to get away with 做（坏事）而未被发现evolution 进化capacity 能力evolutionary psychological make up 演化心理学的记号、标签benefit 从…受益selfish 自私的feather our own nest 从中得利，中饱私囊ostracise 排斥trustworthy 值得信任的fraud 诈骗get into hot water 陷入困境，使尴尬in all honesty 老实说

Let's be honest – I'm sure we've all done something a little dishonest in our lives – maybe copying someone's work, borrowing some money from a friend and not paying them back or being given too much change in a shop and keeping quiet about it. Or maybe I'm wrong, maybe you're a good, upstanding citizen who believes that honesty is the best policy.老实说——我敢肯定我们在生活中都做过一些不诚实的事情——也许是抄袭别人的作品，从朋友那里借了一些钱却不还，或者在商店里给了太多零钱，对这些事情保持沉默它。或者也许我错了，也许你是一个善良、正直的公民，他相信诚实是最好的政策。This proverb, 'honesty is the best policy', was written back in the 1700s by American statesman, Benjamin Franklin. We may agree that owning up to our mistakes and behaving in a genuine and decent way, is the right way to lead our lives but is there something in our human nature that makes us unscrupulous? For example, in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box – a box where you pay for something by putting money in it – but it relies on you putting the right amount of cash in. This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a temptation to get away with not paying the full amount.这句谚语“诚实是最好的政策”是美国政治家本杰明·富兰克林在 1700 年代写的。我们可能会同意，承认自己的错误并以真诚和体面的方式行事，是我们生活的正确方式，但我们的人性中是否有某些东西使我们肆无忌惮？例如，在一些商店和停车场，你可以找到一个诚实的盒子——一个你通过把钱投入其中来支付某物的盒子——但它依赖于你投入了适量的现金。这依赖于人们的诚实而不是诚实。试图作弊，但它确实提供了逃避不支付全部金额的诱惑。Philip Graves, a psychologist, and author of the book Consumerology, suggests that this temptation is part of our evolution. He says: "We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest. It's part of our evolutionary psychological make up – because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving."心理学家、《消费者学》一书的作者菲利普·格雷夫斯认为，这种诱惑是我们进化的一部分。他说：“我们已经进化出不诚实的能力。这是我们进化心理构成的一部分——因为如果我们能够比周围的人获得优势，我们就有更大的生存机会。”So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? It's because it is selfish behaviour – which other members of our social group won't like. If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place. As Philip Graves says: "There is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group." So, for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.那么，如果我们从不诚实中受益，为什么还要如此重视诚实呢？这是因为这是自私的行为——我们社会群体的其他成员不喜欢这种行为。如果每个人都自私和不诚实地行事，世界将是一个非常不愉快的地方。正如菲利普·格雷夫斯所说：“可以说，我们可以在多大程度上为自己的巢穴添砖加瓦，与被群体排斥的风险之间要取得平衡。”所以，为了让社会一起工作，我们需要相互信任，因此我们需要诚实。Being trustworthy with money is of course crucial for an economy to survive and there are laws to protect us from dishonest practices like corruption and fraud. But being honest with words is another matter; saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water. However a new anonymous messaging app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile to send you a message without knowing who it's from. The app now has 300 million users which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to be – but in all honesty, do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty always the best policy?!对金钱的信任当然对于经济的生存至关重要，并且有法律可以保护我们免受腐败和欺诈等不诚实行为的侵害。但说实话是另一回事；对别人说出我们的想法会让我们陷入困境。然而，我们设计了一个新的匿名消息应用程序，让任何拥有您个人资料链接的人都可以在不知道来自谁的情况下向您发送消息。该应用程序现在拥有 3 亿用户，这或许表明我们真的很想诚实——但老实说，你想知道人们对你的看法吗？诚实永远是最好的政策吗？！词汇表let's be honest 咱们诚实点，实话实说 dishonest 不诚实的 upstanding 正直的 honesty is the best policy 诚实是上策 own up 承认，坦白 decent 正派的 unscrupulous 不诚实的，没有道德原则的 honesty box (没有服务人员时) 公众凭自觉与诚实去付款的容器 cheat 欺骗 temptation 有诱惑力的事情 to get away with 做（坏事）而未被发现 evolution 进化 capacity 能力 evolutionary psychological make up 演化心理学的记号、标签 benefit 从…受益 selfish 自私的 feather our own nest 从中得利，中饱私囊 ostracise 排斥 trustworthy 值得信任的 fraud 诈骗 get into hot water 陷入困境，使尴尬 in all honesty 老实说

第1502期:How honest are you?

Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it loved it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unresolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?你曾经喜欢过电视节目吗？我的意思是真的喜欢它？就像，你迫不及待地想去上班谈论它喜欢它吗？悬念呢？这就是这一集结尾处未解决的情况，让你想看下一集。但是，下一个是什么时候呢？In the past, viewers had to wait up to a week for the next episode of their favourite shows. What agony! But, that’s not the case any more. And hand in hand with that comes a, possibly dangerous, growing social trend. We speak of binge-watching.在过去，观众必须等待长达一周的时间才能看到他们最喜欢的节目的下一集。多么痛苦！但是，情况不再如此。随之而来的是一种可能是危险的、日益增长的社会趋势。我们谈论狂欢。Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.狂欢观看是指一个人快速连续观看一集以上的节目。随着互联网速度和连接性的发展、技术的进步和点播娱乐公司的兴起，人们现在可以在方便的时候将自己喜欢的节目直接流式传输到电视上。This behaviour is nothing new. In fact, ‘binge-watching’ has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognise this behaviour and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with ‘you might like’ suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.这种行为并不是什么新鲜事。事实上，从 2015 年开始，“看剧”就被正式列入字典。娱乐公司认识到这种行为，并采取措施鼓励这种行为。通常，不是每周发布每一集，而是将同时发布整个系列。剧集结束后，许多平台会弹出“您可能会喜欢”的建议，或者会自动播放下一集。However, this wondrous gift may in fact be a poisoned chalice. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom suggests that this behaviour may have become a hindrance. Out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their household chores. Next we'll be missing work!然而，这个奇妙的礼物实际上可能是一个有毒的圣杯。英国媒体监管机构 Ofcom 最近的研究表明，这种行为可能已成为一种障碍。在连续观看超过一集的英国成年人中，有近三分之一承认睡眠不足或因此感到疲倦；四分之一的人忽视了他们的家务。接下来我们将失去工作！Bingeing has other connections – binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director at Ofcom, said: "The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to negligence in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?暴饮暴食还有其他联系——暴饮暴食、暴饮暴食和暴饮暴食。所有这些通常都与强迫行为、缺乏控制和可能的成瘾途径有关。Ofcom 的消费者团体主管 Lindsey Fussell 说：“等待下一集一周的日子基本上已经一去不复返了，人们发现很难抗拒在房子周围或移动中观看多集。”如果人们发现暴饮暴食难以抗拒，再加上它已被证明会导致许多人的疏忽，我们是否正在见证一种新型成瘾的诞生？The myriad of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. It offers us opportunities to better understand the world we live in, educate ourselves and enjoy much needed downtime. However, like any behaviour done to excess, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning – then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says… a little of what you fancy does you good.许多人会说，电视和在线媒体可以为我们带来的无数信息和娱乐是一件好事。它为我们提供了更好地了解我们生活的世界、教育自己并享受急需的停机时间的机会。然而，就像任何过度的行为一样，它可能会变得危险。当活动开始渗透到其他领域，导致我们停止运作时，它就会成为一个问题。那么，答案是什么？适度！量不大，也不算多。毕竟，正如古老的谚语所说……你喜欢的东西对你有好处。词汇表cliffhanger （故事）悬念，扣人心弦的部分agony 煎熬、痛苦binge-watching 无节制地、连续地看电视剧in quick succession 紧接着，接连不断地on-demand 按需提供服务的streamed 可供在线收看encourage 激励、促使（行为）concurrently 同时地pop-up 弹出式窗口wondrous 绝妙的，美好的poisoned chalice “金盏毒酒”，指外表诱人实则有害的事物watchdog 监督机构hindrance 妨碍，阻碍back-to-back 一集接一集地neglected 疏忽了，忘记做了compulsive 强迫性的resist 忍住，抗拒negligence 疏忽（名词）myriad 数不胜数，无数excess 太多，过度bleed 波及，干扰moderation 节制、适度

Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it loved it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unresolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?你曾经喜欢过电视节目吗？我的意思是真的喜欢它？就像，你迫不及待地想去上班谈论它喜欢它吗？悬念呢？这就是这一集结尾处未解决的情况，让你想看下一集。但是，下一个是什么时候呢？In the past, viewers had to wait up to a week for the next episode of their favourite shows. What agony! But, that’s not the case any more. And hand in hand with that comes a, possibly dangerous, growing social trend. We speak of binge-watching.在过去，观众必须等待长达一周的时间才能看到他们最喜欢的节目的下一集。多么痛苦！但是，情况不再如此。随之而来的是一种可能是危险的、日益增长的社会趋势。我们谈论狂欢。Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.狂欢观看是指一个人快速连续观看一集以上的节目。随着互联网速度和连接性的发展、技术的进步和点播娱乐公司的兴起，人们现在可以在方便的时候将自己喜欢的节目直接流式传输到电视上。This behaviour is nothing new. In fact, ‘binge-watching’ has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognise this behaviour and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with ‘you might like’ suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.这种行为并不是什么新鲜事。事实上，从 2015 年开始，“看剧”就被正式列入字典。娱乐公司认识到这种行为，并采取措施鼓励这种行为。通常，不是每周发布每一集，而是将同时发布整个系列。剧集结束后，许多平台会弹出“您可能会喜欢”的建议，或者会自动播放下一集。However, this wondrous gift may in fact be a poisoned chalice. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom suggests that this behaviour may have become a hindrance. Out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their household chores. Next we'll be missing work!然而，这个奇妙的礼物实际上可能是一个有毒的圣杯。英国媒体监管机构 Ofcom 最近的研究表明，这种行为可能已成为一种障碍。在连续观看超过一集的英国成年人中，有近三分之一承认睡眠不足或因此感到疲倦；四分之一的人忽视了他们的家务。接下来我们将失去工作！Bingeing has other connections – binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director at Ofcom, said: "The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to negligence in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?暴饮暴食还有其他联系——暴饮暴食、暴饮暴食和暴饮暴食。所有这些通常都与强迫行为、缺乏控制和可能的成瘾途径有关。Ofcom 的消费者团体主管 Lindsey Fussell 说：“等待下一集一周的日子基本上已经一去不复返了，人们发现很难抗拒在房子周围或移动中观看多集。”如果人们发现暴饮暴食难以抗拒，再加上它已被证明会导致许多人的疏忽，我们是否正在见证一种新型成瘾的诞生？The myriad of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. It offers us opportunities to better understand the world we live in, educate ourselves and enjoy much needed downtime. However, like any behaviour done to excess, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning – then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says… a little of what you fancy does you good.许多人会说，电视和在线媒体可以为我们带来的无数信息和娱乐是一件好事。它为我们提供了更好地了解我们生活的世界、教育自己并享受急需的停机时间的机会。然而，就像任何过度的行为一样，它可能会变得危险。当活动开始渗透到其他领域，导致我们停止运作时，它就会成为一个问题。那么，答案是什么？适度！量不大，也不算多。毕竟，正如古老的谚语所说……你喜欢的东西对你有好处。词汇表cliffhanger （故事）悬念，扣人心弦的部分 agony 煎熬、痛苦 binge-watching 无节制地、连续地看电视剧 in quick succession 紧接着，接连不断地 on-demand 按需提供服务的 streamed 可供在线收看 encourage 激励、促使（行为） concurrently 同时地 pop-up 弹出式窗口 wondrous 绝妙的，美好的 poisoned chalice “金盏毒酒”，指外表诱人实则有害的事物 watchdog 监督机构 hindrance 妨碍，阻碍 back-to-back 一集接一集地 neglected 疏忽了，忘记做了 compulsive 强迫性的 resist 忍住，抗拒 negligence 疏忽（名词） myriad 数不胜数，无数 excess 太多，过度 bleed 波及，干扰 moderation 节制、适度

第1501期:Is binge-watching the new addiction?

What would make you happy? Really happy? A nice holiday, lazing on a tropical beach? Maybe a blowout meal with friends at a swanky restaurant? Or possibly splashing out on a pair of the latest designer jeans? All these pleasures cost money so does that mean we need lots of cash to feel good or does the old saying 'money can't buy happiness' still ring true?什么会让你开心？非常开心？一个愉快的假期，在热带海滩上慵懒？也许在一家时髦的餐厅和朋友一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐？或者可能会花在一条最新的名牌牛仔裤上？所有这些快乐都需要花钱，所以这是否意This well-worn adage has been put to the test by scientists in Canada. They found that when used in the right way, money can bring us happiness. They discovered that when you use money to free up time, by paying someone to do your chores for example, you are happier. In an experiment, individuals reported greater higher life satisfaction if they used $40 to save time rather than spend it on material goods such as a new pair of shoes. But surprisingly, the researchers found that fewer than a third of individuals spent money to buy themselves time each month.这句老生常谈的格言已经被加拿大的科学家们检验过了。他们发现，如果使用得当，金钱可以给我们带来快乐。他们发现，当你用钱来腾出时间，比如花钱雇人做家务，你会更快乐。在一项实验中，如果个人用 40 美元来节省时间，而不是花在诸如新鞋之类的物质商品上，那么他们的生活满意度会更高。但令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，每个月只有不到三分之一的人花钱为自己争取时间。In our hectic lives time is one thing we seem to be short of. People are reporting a 'time famine', where they get stressed over the daily demands on their time. Psychologists say stress over lack of time causes lower well-being and contributes to anxiety and insomnia. But in many countries now, as incomes are rising, there is an option to buy more time.在我们忙碌的生活中，时间似乎是我们缺乏的一件事。人们正在报告“时间饥荒”，他们因每天对时间的需求而感到压力。心理学家说，缺乏时间带来的压力会导致幸福感下降，并导致焦虑和失眠。但现在在许多国家，随着收入的增加，人们可以选择购买更多时间。This can be through hiring a cleaner to clean your house or outsourcing your ironing to someone else – giving us valuable extra hours to do the things we want to do. And in many forward-thinking companies, staff are given the opportunity to buy more time off or work flexibly.这可以通过聘请清洁工来打扫你的房子或将熨烫工作外包给其他人——给我们宝贵的额外时间来做我们想做的事情。在许多有远见的公司中，员工有机会争取更多的休假或灵活工作。Professor Dunn, who worked with colleagues at Harvard Business School, Maastricht University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, says that "money can in fact buy time. And it buys time pretty effectively… and so my take home message is, 'think about it, is there something you hate doing that fills you with dread and could you pay somebody else to do that for you?' If so, then science says that's a pretty good use of money.''与哈佛商学院、马斯特里赫特大学和阿姆斯特丹自由大学的同事一起工作的邓恩教授说：“实际上，金钱可以买到时间。而且它可以非常有效地买到时间……所以我的带回家的信息是，‘想想看，是有什么你讨厌做的事让你充满恐惧，你能付钱给别人为你做吗？如果是这样，那么科学说这是对金钱的一种很好的利用。''I would agree that buying more time makes me feel happier and more relaxed. But making time a priority over making money does come at a price; you have less cash to spend on the things you now have time to do. However there's another old saying that 'life is short and time is swift' so there's no time to waste and there's more to life than doing tedious housework!我同意花更多的时间让我感觉更快乐、更放松。但是，让时间优先于赚钱确实是有代价的。你现在有时间做的事情上花费的现金更少了。然而，还有一句老话“生命短暂，时间匆匆”，所以没有时间可以浪费，生活除了做乏味的家务之外还有更多！词汇表laze 享受，消磨（时光）blowout 大餐swanky 奢华时髦的splash out 花大笔钱money can't buy happiness 金钱买不到幸福adage 格言，谚语chore 日常琐碎的工作material goods 物质商品hectic 忙碌的time famine “时间荒”insomnia 失眠income 收入hire 雇用outsource 将…交给他人处理forward-thinking 前瞻性的effectively 有效地dread 忧虑priority 优先考虑的事come at a price 要付出很高的代价life is short and time is swift 生命短暂，时光飞逝tedious 单调乏味的

What would make you happy? Really happy? A nice holiday, lazing on a tropical beach? Maybe a blowout meal with friends at a swanky restaurant? Or possibly splashing out on a pair of the latest designer jeans? All these pleasures cost money so does that mean we need lots of cash to feel good or does the old saying 'money can't buy happiness' still ring true?什么会让你开心？非常开心？一个愉快的假期，在热带海滩上慵懒？也许在一家时髦的餐厅和朋友一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐？或者可能会花在一条最新的名牌牛仔裤上？所有这些快乐都需要花钱，所以这是否意This well-worn adage has been put to the test by scientists in Canada. They found that when used in the right way, money can bring us happiness. They discovered that when you use money to free up time, by paying someone to do your chores for example, you are happier. In an experiment, individuals reported greater higher life satisfaction if they used $40 to save time rather than spend it on material goods such as a new pair of shoes. But surprisingly, the researchers found that fewer than a third of individuals spent money to buy themselves time each month.这句老生常谈的格言已经被加拿大的科学家们检验过了。他们发现，如果使用得当，金钱可以给我们带来快乐。他们发现，当你用钱来腾出时间，比如花钱雇人做家务，你会更快乐。在一项实验中，如果个人用 40 美元来节省时间，而不是花在诸如新鞋之类的物质商品上，那么他们的生活满意度会更高。但令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，每个月只有不到三分之一的人花钱为自己争取时间。In our hectic lives time is one thing we seem to be short of. People are reporting a 'time famine', where they get stressed over the daily demands on their time. Psychologists say stress over lack of time causes lower well-being and contributes to anxiety and insomnia. But in many countries now, as incomes are rising, there is an option to buy more time.在我们忙碌的生活中，时间似乎是我们缺乏的一件事。人们正在报告“时间饥荒”，他们因每天对时间的需求而感到压力。心理学家说，缺乏时间带来的压力会导致幸福感下降，并导致焦虑和失眠。但现在在许多国家，随着收入的增加，人们可以选择购买更多时间。This can be through hiring a cleaner to clean your house or outsourcing your ironing to someone else – giving us valuable extra hours to do the things we want to do. And in many forward-thinking companies, staff are given the opportunity to buy more time off or work flexibly.这可以通过聘请清洁工来打扫你的房子或将熨烫工作外包给其他人——给我们宝贵的额外时间来做我们想做的事情。在许多有远见的公司中，员工有机会争取更多的休假或灵活工作。Professor Dunn, who worked with colleagues at Harvard Business School, Maastricht University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, says that "money can in fact buy time. And it buys time pretty effectively… and so my take home message is, 'think about it, is there something you hate doing that fills you with dread and could you pay somebody else to do that for you?' If so, then science says that's a pretty good use of money.''与哈佛商学院、马斯特里赫特大学和阿姆斯特丹自由大学的同事一起工作的邓恩教授说：“实际上，金钱可以买到时间。而且它可以非常有效地买到时间……所以我的带回家的信息是，‘想想看，是有什么你讨厌做的事让你充满恐惧，你能付钱给别人为你做吗？如果是这样，那么科学说这是对金钱的一种很好的利用。''I would agree that buying more time makes me feel happier and more relaxed. But making time a priority over making money does come at a price; you have less cash to spend on the things you now have time to do. However there's another old saying that 'life is short and time is swift' so there's no time to waste and there's more to life than doing tedious housework!我同意花更多的时间让我感觉更快乐、更放松。但是，让时间优先于赚钱确实是有代价的。你现在有时间做的事情上花费的现金更少了。然而，还有一句老话“生命短暂，时间匆匆”，所以没有时间可以浪费，生活除了做乏味的家务之外还有更多！词汇表laze 享受，消磨（时光） blowout 大餐 swanky 奢华时髦的 splash out 花大笔钱 money can't buy happiness 金钱买不到幸福 adage 格言，谚语 chore 日常琐碎的工作 material goods 物质商品 hectic 忙碌的 time famine “时间荒” insomnia 失眠 income 收入 hire 雇用 outsource 将…交给他人处理 forward-thinking 前瞻性的 effectively 有效地 dread 忧虑 priority 优先考虑的事 come at a price 要付出很高的代价 life is short and time is swift 生命短暂，时光飞逝 tedious 单调乏味的

第1500期:Can money make you happy?

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