What happens when you give a scientist, obsessed with biblical death, near unlimited control over a utopian city of mice?  Well...a lot of death, it turns out.  In the 1960's and 70's, Dr. John Calhoun created what should have been a perfect mouse city - unlimited food, shelter, and water with no predators or inclement weather.  Then he let nature run its course.  Within a few years, the city was in ruins.  Listen in as we dive into the research paper detailing exactly what happened to the mice in Universe 25, from meteoric rise to tragic demise. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

What happens when you give a scientist, obsessed with biblical death, near unlimited control over a utopian city of mice? Well...a lot of death, it turns out. In the 1960's and 70's, Dr. John Calhoun created what should have been a perfect mouse city - unlimited food, shelter, and water with no predators or inclement weather. Then he let nature run its course. Within a few years, the city was in ruins. Listen in as we dive into the research paper detailing exactly what happened to the mice in Universe 25, from meteoric rise to tragic demise. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

What happened to the mice of Universe 25? (BONUS EPISODE)

As urban environments grow and natural vegetation gets replaced with concrete and asphalt, “Urban Heat Islands” develop, where urbanized areas retain much more heat than surrounding rural areas. The increased heat in densely populated areas can pose significant problems to both comfort and, more importantly, people’s health. The City of Los Angeles is investigating new measures to reduce the heat island effect by making their asphalt more reflective--but how effective is this measure in reducing air temps? Join us this week as we dive into new research evaluating the success of this bright new technology. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

As urban environments grow and natural vegetation gets replaced with concrete and asphalt, “Urban Heat Islands” develop, where urbanized areas retain much more heat than surrounding rural areas. The increased heat in densely populated areas can pose significant problems to both comfort and, more importantly, people’s health. The City of Los Angeles is investigating new measures to reduce the heat island effect by making their asphalt more reflective--but how effective is this measure in reducing air temps? Join us this week as we dive into new research evaluating the success of this bright new technology. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Is solar reflective pavement the cure for hot cities?

Returning rock samples from planets and asteroids can provide new insights into how the solar system, the universe, and life formed. But how much can we learn from meteorite samples that fell to the ground here on Earth? It turns out, quite a bit! Join us this week as we explore a new paper about a 4 billion-year-old rock from Mars that landed in Antarctica. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Returning rock samples from planets and asteroids can provide new insights into how the solar system, the universe, and life formed. But how much can we learn from meteorite samples that fell to the ground here on Earth? It turns out, quite a bit! Join us this week as we explore a new paper about a 4 billion-year-old rock from Mars that landed in Antarctica. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

What’s inside a Martian meteorite?

Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Is eating sugar a gut instinct?

This week is a bit different - instead of a fresh episode, we are sharing one of our bonus episodes covering the Stanford Prison Experiment.  Tune in to hear how this seemingly innocent psychology experiment from the early 1970s went terribly wrong.  If you like this episode you can find more like it at www.patreon.com/paperboyspod.

This week is a bit different - instead of a fresh episode, we are sharing one of our bonus episodes covering the Stanford Prison Experiment. Tune in to hear how this seemingly innocent psychology experiment from the early 1970s went terribly wrong. If you like this episode you can find more like it at <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>.

What happened in the Stanford Prison Experiment? (Bonus episode)

Oumuamua is an interstellar object that passed through our solar system in late 2017. It originally made the news thanks to several scientists suggesting its odd shape might be explained if it were a spaceship. New research on Oumuamua presents a much more tractable--and still extremely fascinating--explanation though. Join us this week as we dive into this new paper the search for Oumuamua’s origin. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Oumuamua is an interstellar object that passed through our solar system in late 2017. It originally made the news thanks to several scientists suggesting its odd shape might be explained if it were a spaceship. New research on Oumuamua presents a much more tractable--and still extremely fascinating--explanation though. Join us this week as we dive into this new paper the search for Oumuamua’s origin. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Did Oumuamua come from a destroyed planet?

Does traffic spread like a virus?

Why is Uranus losing its atmosphere?

Any kid can intuitively understand how much you need to fill a water balloon to effectively drench someone. But it turns out that predicting this quantitatively with physics is much more challenging! Join us James and Charlie this week for a look into an experimental physics paper that analyzed precisely when a water balloon (or any liquid-filled) balloon might pop. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Any kid can intuitively understand how much you need to fill a water balloon to effectively drench someone. But it turns out that predicting this quantitatively with physics is much more challenging! Join us James and Charlie this week for a look into an experimental physics paper that analyzed precisely when a water balloon (or any liquid-filled) balloon might pop. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Why do water balloons pop?

The coronavirus, COVID-19, has been spreading around the world since it was first detected in December 2019. Since then, drastic measures have been taken in communities around the world to limit its spread. Recent research from Imperial College London looked at how different suppression techniques such as social distancing and isolation could affect the spread, and, critically, the number available of hospital beds. Join us this week as Charlie and James dive into the different epidemiological models and their predictions. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

The coronavirus, COVID-19, has been spreading around the world since it was first detected in December 2019. Since then, drastic measures have been taken in communities around the world to limit its spread. Recent research from Imperial College London looked at how different suppression techniques such as social distancing and isolation could affect the spread, and, critically, the number available of hospital beds. Join us this week as Charlie and James dive into the different epidemiological models and their predictions. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

How can we suppress COVID-19?

Each week, two PhD students read the research papers behind headline science news and give you the details you can't get in the stories.

Gray Whales

Gray whales have some of the longest migrations on the planet--between 10,000-12,000 miles long each year! Sadly, they often get stranded on beaches. As weird as it may sound, scientists have found that the whales are more likely to get stranded during solar storms. What is the connection between whales becoming stranded and storms on our sun 92 million miles away? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research that seeks to understand how these whales lose their way. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Gray whales have some of the longest migrations on the planet--between 10,000-12,000 miles long each year! Sadly, they often get stranded on beaches. As weird as it may sound, scientists have found that the whales are more likely to get stranded during solar storms. What is the connection between whales becoming stranded and storms on our sun 92 million miles away? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research that seeks to understand how these whales lose their way. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Why do gray whales strand during solar storms?

Over a year ago we covered the challenges that NASA’s InSight lander overcame to land on Mars and begin performing the first detailed seismographic measurements of Mars. The InSight science team has just published the initial findings from InSight’s measurements, detailing unexpected results about Mars’ seismic activity, magnetism, and more. Join us this week as Charlie and James explore InSight’s exciting new findings. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Over a year ago we covered the challenges that NASA’s InSight lander overcame to land on Mars and begin performing the first detailed seismographic measurements of Mars. The InSight science team has just published the initial findings from InSight’s measurements, detailing unexpected results about Mars’ seismic activity, magnetism, and more. Join us this week as Charlie and James explore InSight’s exciting new findings. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

What has InSight discovered on Mars?

Consciousness is challenging to study. We interact with consciousness everyday, and yet there are still so many questions. Learning about how consciousness arises and where it occurs in the brain could have a significant impact on medicine and fundamental neuroscience. It also begs the question, can consciousness be controlled? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research about stimulating consciousness in the brain. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Consciousness is challenging to study. We interact with consciousness everyday, and yet there are still so many questions. Learning about how consciousness arises and where it occurs in the brain could have a significant impact on medicine and fundamental neuroscience. It also begs the question, can consciousness be controlled? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research about stimulating consciousness in the brain. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Can you stimulate consciousness?

Fast radio bursts are millisecond-long signals we detect coming from distant galaxies.  They were only recently discovered in 2007 and we still have no clue what’s causing them. These radio bursts appear in short durations on earth at very low powers. At their origin, we have calculated their energies to be enormous--more than our entire sun gives off in 80 years! Join us this week as we dive into new discoveries about these mysterious astronomical phenomena. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

Fast radio bursts are millisecond-long signals we detect coming from distant galaxies. They were only recently discovered in 2007 and we still have no clue what’s causing them. These radio bursts appear in short durations on earth at very low powers. At their origin, we have calculated their energies to be enormous--more than our entire sun gives off in 80 years! Join us this week as we dive into new discoveries about these mysterious astronomical phenomena. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Why do extragalactic “fast radio bursts” repeat?

It’s clear that birds can communicate. All you have to do is listen to their songs. But when they communicate, do their songs conform to the same linguistic laws as human speech? Join James and Charlie this week as they dive into a paper that analyzes the songs of African "jackass" penguins in search of deeper linguistic structures. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

It’s clear that birds can communicate. All you have to do is listen to their songs. But when they communicate, do their songs conform to the same linguistic laws as human speech? Join James and Charlie this week as they dive into a paper that analyzes the songs of African "jackass" penguins in search of deeper linguistic structures. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Do penguins speak like humans?

How should you talk to babies?

In the year 79 A.D., the infamous Mt. Vesuvius transformed the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum--as well as its residents. For a long time, archaeologists thought that all the victims died quickly, vaporizing from the hot ash and leaving their remains in the dust that cooled and hardened. However, new research analyzing their bodies suggests a grimmer story. Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into fascinating new research that seeks to retell the last moments of Mt. Vesuvius’ victims. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

In the year 79 A.D., the infamous Mt. Vesuvius transformed the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum--as well as its residents. For a long time, archaeologists thought that all the victims died quickly, vaporizing from the hot ash and leaving their remains in the dust that cooled and hardened. However, new research analyzing their bodies suggests a grimmer story. Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into fascinating new research that seeks to retell the last moments of Mt. Vesuvius’ victims. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

How did Mount Vesuvius' victims die?

How fast is the world's fastest spin?

It is estimated that sleep apnea affects nearly 1 billion worldwide. However, many of the mechanisms behind sleep apnea are still a mystery. New research has pointed to high levels of tongue fat as a primary factor controlling the severity of sleep apnea. Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into the “thick” of it and learn about this new discovery. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

It is estimated that sleep apnea affects nearly 1 billion worldwide. However, many of the mechanisms behind sleep apnea are still a mystery. New research has pointed to high levels of tongue fat as a primary factor controlling the severity of sleep apnea. Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into the “thick” of it and learn about this new discovery. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

Does tongue fat cause sleep apnea?

OSIRIS-REx is an exciting mission from NASA that seeks to return samples from asteroid Bennu back to Earth, providing insight into the original building blocks of our solar system. Touchdown on the asteroid is expected in August 2020, but the spacecraft has already learned a ton about its target. Join us this week as Charlie and James dive into a paper about new findings from OSIRIS-REx. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod

OSIRIS-REx is an exciting mission from NASA that seeks to return samples from asteroid Bennu back to Earth, providing insight into the original building blocks of our solar system. Touchdown on the asteroid is expected in August 2020, but the spacecraft has already learned a ton about its target. Join us this week as Charlie and James dive into a paper about new findings from OSIRIS-REx. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod</a>

What's OSIRIS-REx doing at asteroid Bennu?

Well produced and full of valuable information! Great work!

Very Informative!

Sometimes takes a while for the content to really pick up. Generally really interesting though

It's good enough

Paper Boys

From Carl Sagan to Elon Musk, people have discussed making Mars more like Earth through terraforming.  But are we sure that Mars even has the ingredients we need to transform it?  Charlie brings in a paper that may answer the most important questions for Mars colonists.  Check out the paper and other useful links here. Reach out to us:  Email Twitter Website

From Carl Sagan to Elon Musk, people have discussed making Mars more like Earth through terraforming. But are we sure that Mars even has the ingredients we need to transform it? Charlie brings in a paper that may answer the most important questions for Mars colonists. <a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/Can-We-terraform-mars/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Check out the paper and other useful links here.</a> Reach out to us: <ul> <li><a href="mailto:paperboyspod@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">Email</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/PaperBoysPod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Website</a></li></ul>

Can we terraform Mars?

Nearly everyone has heard the advice “walk 10,000 steps per day to be healthy!” As fitness trackers like FitBit have grown in popularity, many people use the 10,000-step benchmark as their goal for daily fitness. But where did this goal come from? And are there actually measurable health benefits if you walk 10,000 steps per day or more? Join us this week as Charlie dives into new research that seeks to quantify the benefits of your daily step tally. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Nearly everyone has heard the advice “walk 10,000 steps per day to be healthy!” As fitness trackers like FitBit have grown in popularity, many people use the 10,000-step benchmark as their goal for daily fitness. But where did this goal come from? And are there actually measurable health benefits if you walk 10,000 steps per day or more? Join us this week as Charlie dives into new research that seeks to quantify the benefits of your daily step tally. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Do you really need 10,000 steps a day?

What does a phytoplankton virus have to do with the annual snowfall at a ski resort?  It turns out they're more related than you think!  James brings in two papers on cloud seeding that explore the ways scientists have been changing the weather since the 1940s.  Read the paper here.

What does a phytoplankton virus have to do with the annual snowfall at a ski resort? It turns out they're more related than you think! James brings in two papers on cloud seeding that explore the ways scientists have been changing the weather since the 1940s. <a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/Cloud-seeding" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read the paper here.</a>

Does cloud seeding work?

It's one of the most controversial topics in all of diet science: are eggs good or bad for you?  It seems there are contradicting studies all the time - one day eggs are a superfood, the next day eggs will give you a heart attack.  Egg whites are fine...or was it the yolks?  All this competing information can be hard to keep track of, and recently a study was released attempting to answer the question once and for all.  The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, looked at nearly 30,000 people over several decades to determine if there is a link between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease or death.  Charlie cracks this one open and James reconsiders his eating habits on this week's episode.  You can read the paper, check out the headlines, and send us your paper recommendations at www.paperboyspodcast.com.

It's one of the most controversial topics in all of diet science: are eggs good or bad for you? It seems there are contradicting studies all the time - one day eggs are a superfood, the next day eggs will give you a heart attack. Egg whites are fine...or was it the yolks? All this competing information can be hard to keep track of, and recently a study was released attempting to answer the question once and for all. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, looked at nearly 30,000 people over several decades to determine if there is a link between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease or death. Charlie cracks this one open and James reconsiders his eating habits on this week's episode. You can read the paper, check out the headlines, and send us your paper recommendations at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>.

Are eggs really bad for you?

Talk of intermittent fasting has grown in the news. Some feel intermittent fasting is a new dieting fad, others claim that it’s an amazing technique to improve health and lose weight. But what does the research actually have to say on the subject? Join us this week as James looks at a study on the effects of intermittent fasting. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Talk of intermittent fasting has grown in the news. Some feel intermittent fasting is a new dieting fad, others claim that it’s an amazing technique to improve health and lose weight. But what does the research actually have to say on the subject? Join us this week as James looks at a study on the effects of intermittent fasting. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Is intermittent fasting healthy?

Stonehenge has puzzled people for centuries. What was the purpose of such a massive rock formation? And how were people able to move such large boulders from quarries 50-150 km away? As scientists and archaeologists have learned more though, a new mystery has appeared: why is there such a high concentration of pig fat on pottery found in the area? Join us this week as Charlie explores a new paper looking at how pig fat may have facilitated the construction of this famous, mysterious site. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Stonehenge has puzzled people for centuries. What was the purpose of such a massive rock formation? And how were people able to move such large boulders from quarries 50-150 km away? As scientists and archaeologists have learned more though, a new mystery has appeared: why is there such a high concentration of pig fat on pottery found in the area? Join us this week as Charlie explores a new paper looking at how pig fat may have facilitated the construction of this famous, mysterious site. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Was Stonehenge built using pig fat?

This week, the Event Horizon Telescope unveiled something truly groundbreaking - the first ever direct image of a black hole.  The telescope consisted of a dozen antennas located all around the globe (well, one side of it at least).  They had to synchronize their data to an error equivalent to one second over 100 million years.  The hard drives storing this data filled an entire plane and it took them two years to process it.  So how exactly did they construct the image then?  With so much care put in and pressure to release this historic image, the science has to be very tight.  James brings in a paper from a Dutch astronomer detailing the past, present, and future of black hole imaging. Check out this paper, a great video from Veritasium, the secret song video, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com.

This week, the Event Horizon Telescope unveiled something truly groundbreaking - the first ever direct image of a black hole. The telescope consisted of a dozen antennas located all around the globe (well, one side of it at least). They had to synchronize their data to an error equivalent to one second over 100 million years. The hard drives storing this data filled an entire plane and it took them two years to process it. So how exactly did they construct the image then? With so much care put in and pressure to release this historic image, the science has to be very tight. James brings in a paper from a Dutch astronomer detailing the past, present, and future of black hole imaging. Check out this paper, a great video from Veritasium, the secret song video, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>.

How do you image a black hole?

It's long been known that many modern humans have around 2% Neanderthal in their DNA.  However, scientists don't have an exact answer for how it got there.  James brings in a paper that gets closer to an answer by suggesting our ancestors got it on with Neanderthals more often than we thought.  Read the paper and news articles here.

It's long been known that many modern humans have around 2% Neanderthal in their DNA. However, scientists don't have an exact answer for how it got there. James brings in a paper that gets closer to an answer by suggesting our ancestors got it on with Neanderthals more often than we thought. <a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/Neanderthals" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read the paper and news articles here.</a>

How often did humans breed with Neanderthals?

There's a giant ice disk hanging out in the Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine that's garnered international attention, and rightfully so - it's an extremely rare phenomenon and this is one of the biggest ever recorded.  Crazily, the ice disk is spinning completely on its own.  Charlie brings in a paper that discovered just how ice disks like this can spontaneously rotate - and let's just say it's cooler than being cool.  Read the paper and see the drone video here.

There's a giant ice disk hanging out in the Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine that's garnered international attention, and rightfully so - it's an extremely rare phenomenon and this is one of the biggest ever recorded. Crazily, the ice disk is spinning completely on its own. Charlie brings in a paper that discovered just how ice disks like this can spontaneously rotate - and let's just say it's cooler than being cool. <a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/Ice-disks" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read the paper and see the drone video here.</a>

Why is the giant ice disk in Maine spinning?

Certain languages have reputations for speaking faster. But, over the same amount of time do these languages actually convey more information than other slower languages? Would a slower, more complex language convey more information still? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research that seeks to compare the amount of information transmitted by 17 different languages. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Certain languages have reputations for speaking faster. But, over the same amount of time do these languages actually convey more information than other slower languages? Would a slower, more complex language convey more information still? Join us this week as James and Charlie dive into new research that seeks to compare the amount of information transmitted by 17 different languages. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Is there a universal "bit rate" of speech?

Most paralysis patients are told that if they can't regain the ability to walk in 6 months they will never walk again.  Then how did three research teams get paralyzed patients walking after several years in the wheelchair?  James brings in a paper on spinal stimulation that makes you feel like we are living in the future.

Is paralysis a thing of the past?

Leonardo da Vinci

When you look at Da Vinci's art, it's not hard to see why he's hailed as a genius.  But he may have had a little trick up his sleeve that helped him see the world a little differently than most people, in the form of an eye disorder shared by Picasso, Rembrandt, and even Ryan Gosling.  Charlie brings in a paper that tries to determine if Da Vinci had a condition known as strabismus.  Read the paper and news articles here.

When you look at Da Vinci's art, it's not hard to see why he's hailed as a genius. But he may have had a little trick up his sleeve that helped him see the world a little differently than most people, in the form of an eye disorder shared by Picasso, Rembrandt, and even Ryan Gosling. Charlie brings in a paper that tries to determine if Da Vinci had a condition known as strabismus. <a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/DaVinci-strabismus" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read the paper and news articles here.</a>

Did Leonardo da Vinci have strabismus?

Our planet is bombarded with tons of extraterrestrial dust every year. While much of the dust comes from asteroids, some of these particles may have come from supernovas - ancient stars that exploded nearly 20 million years ago! But finding this dust on Earth is tricky, and determining that the dust came from an exploding star is even tougher. This week Charlie takes on a new study from some “stellar” researchers who were up to the challenge. Thanks to Ben from Australia for the paper recommendation this week! Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Our planet is bombarded with tons of extraterrestrial dust every year. While much of the dust comes from asteroids, some of these particles may have come from supernovas - ancient stars that exploded nearly 20 million years ago! But finding this dust on Earth is tricky, and determining that the dust came from an exploding star is even tougher. This week Charlie takes on a new study from some “stellar” researchers who were up to the challenge. Thanks to Ben from Australia for the paper recommendation this week! Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Can you find a supernova in Antarctic snow?

Everyone knows about magnetic fields, but very few people know what they really are and what they're capable of.  Charlie brings in a paper from an experiment that broke a magnetic field world record...and blew itself up in the process.  Read the paper here. Also watch the explosion video and read the Newsweek article. Reach out to us:  Email Twitter Website

Everyone knows about magnetic fields, but very few people know what they really are and what they're capable of. Charlie brings in a paper from an experiment that broke a magnetic field world record...and blew itself up in the process. <a href="https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5044557" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Read the paper here.</a> Also <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hsu6FG_3adU" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">watch the explosion video</a> and read the <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-magnetic-field-stronger-earth-1125817" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Newsweek article</a>. Reach out to us: <ul> <li><a href="mailto:paperboyspod@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">Email</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/PaperBoysPod" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperboyspodcast.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Website</a></li></ul>

Magnetic fields can blow up your lab

Touch screens are ubiquitous in technology today. We’ve grown very accustomed to using our fingers to tap and swipe our way through most tasks. But what if we could do more…like caress, or even tickle, our devices? New research looks at how “skin” interfaces might open up the ways we interact with our technology. Join us this week as James and Charlie unpack the research and discuss this cool (and very strange) new interface. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Touch screens are ubiquitous in technology today. We’ve grown very accustomed to using our fingers to tap and swipe our way through most tasks. But what if we could do more…like caress, or even tickle, our devices? New research looks at how “skin” interfaces might open up the ways we interact with our technology. Join us this week as James and Charlie unpack the research and discuss this cool (and very strange) new interface. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Could Skin-On make your smartphone ticklish?

Saturn’s tiny moon Enceladus is of great interest to scientists for its unique features and potential for life. Despite its far distance from the sun, a vast ocean exists under its surface, and geyser-like jets regularly shoot water vapor into its atmosphere and space. For many years, planetary scientists have wondered how four deep, nearly parallel trenches formed near the planet’s south pole. Join us this week and Charlie and James nerd out on an excellent paper that digs into this mystery of Enceladus’ “tiger stripe” trenches. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

Saturn’s tiny moon Enceladus is of great interest to scientists for its unique features and potential for life. Despite its far distance from the sun, a vast ocean exists under its surface, and geyser-like jets regularly shoot water vapor into its atmosphere and space. For many years, planetary scientists have wondered how four deep, nearly parallel trenches formed near the planet’s south pole. Join us this week and Charlie and James nerd out on an excellent paper that digs into this mystery of Enceladus’ “tiger stripe” trenches. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Why does Enceladus have “tiger stripes”?

You may not realize it, but having an overbite makes it a lot easier to say words with "f" and "v" in them.  Go ahead, bring your lower teeth forward and try saying an F-word (no, not that one) - it's noticeably harder.  A linguist named Charles Hockett once theorized that this means humans may not have always had these sounds in their languages, but his ideas were quickly tossed.  However, a team of researchers from the University of Zurich have found new evidence that strongly suggests Hockett may have been right - and the change that brought about this ability to say F-words was a shift in diet thousands of years ago.  You can find their paper, a fantastic article from National Geographic, and a video of the Greenlandic language at our website, www.paperboyspodcast.com.

You may not realize it, but having an overbite makes it a lot easier to say words with "f" and "v" in them. Go ahead, bring your lower teeth forward and try saying an F-word (no, not that one) - it's noticeably harder. A linguist named Charles Hockett once theorized that this means humans may not have always had these sounds in their languages, but his ideas were quickly tossed. However, a team of researchers from the University of Zurich have found new evidence that strongly suggests Hockett may have been right - and the change that brought about this ability to say F-words was a shift in diet thousands of years ago. You can find their paper, a fantastic article from National Geographic, and a video of the Greenlandic language at our website, <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>.

Did F-words come from a change in diet?

With their habitats heavily dependent on sea ice, Emperor penguins are extremely impacted by climate change in Antarctica. The 2015 Paris Climate agreement sought the commitment of nations to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degrees centigrade, but how would this level of warming impact emperor penguin populations? Join us this week as Charlie and James explore a new paper that sees if the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement are enough to save the penguins. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!

With their habitats heavily dependent on sea ice, Emperor penguins are extremely impacted by climate change in Antarctica. The 2015 Paris Climate agreement sought the commitment of nations to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degrees centigrade, but how would this level of warming impact emperor penguin populations? Join us this week as Charlie and James explore a new paper that sees if the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement are enough to save the penguins. Check out the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>. Like the show? Want more every month? Fan of universal constants? Check out <a href="http://www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.patreon.com/paperboyspod!</a>

Can we save penguins from climate change?

Humans love to test their limits. Some people run marathons, race triathlons, or climb the world’s highest peaks. All of these endeavors are challenging, but can we quantitatively compare how each undertaking pushes the human body? Join us this week as Charlie dives into new research that seeks to determine a ‘hard limit’ on human energy expenditure, both in relatively short duration tasks like running a marathon as well as long duration tasks like running 6 marathons a week for 20 weeks or even being pregnant! Check out the awesome plot showing the human endurance limit, the paper, news articles, and more at www.paperboyspodcast.com.

Humans love to test their limits. Some people run marathons, race triathlons, or climb the world’s highest peaks. All of these endeavors are challenging, but can we quantitatively compare how each undertaking pushes the human body? Join us this week as Charlie dives into new research that seeks to determine a ‘hard limit’ on human energy expenditure, both in relatively short duration tasks like running a marathon as well as long duration tasks like running 6 marathons a week for 20 weeks or even being pregnant! Check out the awesome plot showing the human endurance limit, the paper, news articles, and more at <a href="http://www.paperboyspodcast.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.paperboyspodcast.com</a>.

Does human endurance have a hard limit?

The best podcast episodes on Startups. For anyone working in a startup, or anyone interested in the incredible stories behind how people built companies like Instagram, and Facebook. Offering both practical advice and insights, as well as the stories for how many of the biggest startups got to where they are today. Add episodes you're interested into your queue below!

Mel Liu

On this episode of the Knowledge Project Podcast, I chat with Patrick Collison, co-founder and CEO of the leading online payment processing company, Stripe. If you’ve purchased anything online recently, there’s a good chance that Stripe facilitated the transaction. What is now an organization with over a thousand employees and handling tens of billions of dollars of online purchases every year, began as a small side experiment while Patrick and his brother John were going to college.   During our conversation, Patrick shares the details of their unlikely journey and some of the hard-earned wisdom he picked up along the way. I hope you have something handy to write with because the nuggets per minute in this episode are off the charts. Patrick was so open and generous with his responses that I’m really excited for you to hear what he has to say. Here are just a few of the things we cover:  The biggest (and most valuable) mistakes Patrick made in the early days of Stripe and how they helped him get better The characteristics that Patrick looks for in a new hire to fit and contribute to the Stripe company culture What compelled he and his brother to move forward with the early concept of Stripe, even though on paper it was doomed to fail from the start The gaps Patrick saw in the market that dozens of other processing companies were missing — and how he capitalized on them The lessons Patrick learned from scaling Stripe from two employees (he and his brother) to nearly 1,000 today How he evaluates the upsides and potential dangers of speculative positions within the company How his Irish upbringing influenced his ability to argue and disagree without taking offense (and how we can all be a little more “Irish”) The power of finding the right peer group in your social and professional circles and how impactful and influential it can be in determining where you end up. The 4 ways Patrick has modified his decision making process over the last 5 years and how it’s helped him develop as a person and as a business leader (this part alone is worth the listen) Patrick’s unique approach to books and how he chooses what he’s going to spend his time reading  ...life in Silicon Valley, Baumol’s cost disease, and so, so much more. Patrick truly is one of the warmest, humblest and down to earth people I’ve had the pleasure to speak with and I thoroughly enjoyed our conversation together. I hope you will too! GO PREMIUM: Support the podcast, get ad-free episodes, transcripts, and so much more: https://fs.blog/knowledge-project-premium/

The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

On this episode of the Knowledge Project Podcast, I chat with Patrick Collison, co-founder and CEO of the leading online payment processing company, <a href="https://stripe.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Stripe.</a> If you’ve purchased anything online recently, there’s a good chance that Stripe facilitated the transaction. What is now an organization with over a thousand employees and handling tens of billions of dollars of online purchases every year, began as a small side experiment while Patrick and his brother John were going to college.   During our conversation, Patrick shares the details of their unlikely journey and some of the hard-earned wisdom he picked up along the way. I hope you have something handy to write with because the nuggets per minute in this episode are off the charts. Patrick was so open and generous with his responses that I’m really excited for you to hear what he has to say. Here are just a few of the things we cover: <ul> <li>The biggest (and most valuable) mistakes Patrick made in the early days of Stripe and how they helped him get better</li> <li>The characteristics that Patrick looks for in a new hire to fit and contribute to the Stripe company culture</li> <li>What compelled he and his brother to move forward with the early concept of Stripe, even though on paper it was doomed to fail from the start</li> <li>The gaps Patrick saw in the market that dozens of other processing companies were missing — and how he capitalized on them</li> <li>The lessons Patrick learned from scaling Stripe from two employees (he and his brother) to nearly 1,000 today</li> <li>How he evaluates the upsides and potential dangers of speculative positions within the company</li> <li>How his Irish upbringing influenced his ability to argue and disagree without taking offense (and how we can all be a little more “Irish”)</li> <li>The power of finding the right peer group in your social and professional circles and how impactful and influential it can be in determining where you end up.</li> <li>The 4 ways Patrick has modified his decision making process over the last 5 years and how it’s helped him develop as a person and as a business leader (this part alone is worth the listen)</li> <li>Patrick’s unique approach to books and how he chooses what he’s going to spend his time reading</li> </ul> ...life in Silicon Valley, Baumol’s cost disease, and so, so much more. Patrick truly is one of the warmest, humblest and down to earth people I’ve had the pleasure to speak with and I thoroughly enjoyed our conversation together. I hope you will too! GO PREMIUM: Support the podcast, get ad-free episodes, transcripts, and so much more: https://fs.blog/knowledge-project-premium/

#32 Patrick Collison: Earning Your Stripes

If you want your company to truly scale, you first have to do things that don't scale. Handcraft the core experience. Get your hands dirty. Serve your customers one-by-one. And don't stop until you know exactly what they want. That's what Brian Chesky did. As CEO of Airbnb, Brian’s early work was more akin to a traveling salesman. He takes us back to his lean years – when he went door-to-door, meeting Airbnb hosts in person – and shares the imaginative route to crafting what he calls an "11-star experience.”Read Paul Graham: "In order to scale, you have to do things that don't scale."Read a transcript of this interview at: https://mastersofscale.com/brian-chesky-handcrafted/Subscribe to the Masters of Scale weekly newsletter at http://eepurl.com/dlirtX

Masters of Scale with Reid Hoffman

If you want your company to truly scale, you first have to do things that don't scale. Handcraft the core experience. Get your hands dirty. Serve your customers one-by-one. And don't stop until you know exactly what they want. That's what Brian Chesky did. As CEO of Airbnb, Brian’s early work was more akin to a traveling salesman. He takes us back to his lean years – when he went door-to-door, meeting Airbnb hosts in person – and shares the imaginative route to crafting what he calls an "11-star experience.”Read Paul Graham: "In order to scale, you have to do <a href="http://paulgraham.com/ds.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">things that don't scale</a>."Read a transcript of this interview at: <a href="https://mastersofscale.com/brian-chesky-handcrafted/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://mastersofscale.com/brian-chesky-handcrafted/</a>Subscribe to the Masters of Scale weekly newsletter at <a href="http://eepurl.com/dlirtX" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://eepurl.com/dlirtX</a>

1. Airbnb's Brian Chesky in Handcrafted

OwlTail

Best Startups Podcasts

What is this?
1 quote, 3 ideas & 1 question from a carefully curated podcast episode.
Every Monday & Wednesday.

Want a 3rd insight and episode every week? Email me at curation@owltail.com.

How our mind explains things:[topic-start]
“The way that the mind works, very frequently, is that we start from a decision, or we start from a belief, and then the stories that explain it come to our mind. Conclusions come first, and rationalizations come later.”[topic-end]
How we come to believe things:[topic-start]
"The real cause of your belief in a political position, the real causes are rooted in your personal history. They’re rooted in who are the people that you trusted and what they seemed to believe in, and it has very little to do with the reasons that come to your mind, why your position is correct and the position of the other side is nonsensical."[topic-end]
Who is Daniel Kahneman:[topic-start]
Nobel prize winning psychologist and economist who helped created the field of behavioural economics.

The Nobel Prize-winning psychologist on why we think and act the way we do — and why facts matter less than we think in forming our beliefs.
With his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman emerged as one of the most intriguing voices on the complexity of human thought and behavior. He is a psychologist who won the Nobel Prize in economics for helping to create the field of behavioral economics — and is a self-described “constant worrier.” It’s fun, helpful, and more than a little unnerving to apply his insights into why we think and act the way we do in this moment of social and political tumult.
Find the transcript for this show at onbeing.org.

On Being with Krista Tippett

Daniel Kahneman — Why We Contradict Ourselves and Confound Each Other

Real scenarios of a hospital during a war:[topic-start]
“... we were hand squeezing his ventilator as we ran out of oxygen" and when we finally found the physician to get more oxygen, he said "We don't have any oxygen left, you're going to have to let him go"[topic-end]
Who is Sheri Fink:[topic-start]
An investigative journalist who won the Pulitzer Prize for her coverage of Memorial Hospital (the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina).

Sheri Fink on the tragedy of being forced to choose who's life to save

When people are dying and you can only save some, how do you choose? Maybe you save the youngest. Or the sickest. Maybe you even just put all the names in a hat and pick at random. Would your answer change if a sick person was standing right in front of you? In this episode, we follow New York Times reporter Sheri Fink as she searches for the answer. In a warzone, a hurricane, a church basement, and an earthquake, the question remains the same. What happens, what should happen, when humans are forced to play god? Produced by Simon Adler and Annie McEwen. Reported by Sheri Fink.  In the book that inspired this episode you can find more about what transpired at Memorial Hospital during Hurricane Katrina, Sheri Fink’s exhaustively reported Five Days at Memorial You can find more about the work going on in Maryland at: www.nytimes.com/triage Very special thanks to Lilly Sullivan.  Special thanks also to: Pat Walters and Jim McCutcheon and Todd Menesses from WWL in New Orleans, the researchers for the allocation of scarce resources project in Maryland - Dr. Lee Daugherty Biddison from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howie Gwon from the Johns Hopkins Medicine Office of Emergency Management, Alan Regenberg of the Berman Institute of Bioethics and Dr. Eric Toner of the UPMC Center for Health Security.  Support Radiolab by becoming a member today at Radiolab.org/donate.    

Radiolab

When people are dying and you can only save some, how do you choose? Maybe you save the youngest. Or the sickest. Maybe you even just put all the names in a hat and pick at random. Would your answer change if a sick person was standing right in front of you? In this episode, we follow New York Times reporter Sheri Fink as she searches for the answer. In a warzone, a hurricane, a church basement, and an earthquake, the question remains the same. What happens, what should happen, when humans are forced to play god? Produced by Simon Adler and Annie McEwen. Reported by Sheri Fink.  In the book that inspired this episode you can find more about what transpired at Memorial Hospital during Hurricane Katrina, <a href="http://www.sherifink.net" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sheri Fink’s</a> exhaustively reported <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Five-Days-Memorial-Storm-Ravaged-Hospital/dp/0307718972/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1471783956&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=five+days+at+memorial" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Five Days at Memorial</a> You can find more about the work going on in Maryland at: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/triage" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.nytimes.com/triage</a> Very special thanks to Lilly Sullivan.  Special thanks also to: Pat Walters and Jim McCutcheon and Todd Menesses from WWL in New Orleans, the researchers for the allocation of scarce resources project in Maryland - Dr. Lee Daugherty Biddison from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howie Gwon from the Johns Hopkins Medicine Office of Emergency Management, Alan Regenberg of the Berman Institute of Bioethics and Dr. Eric Toner of the UPMC Center for Health Security. Support Radiolab by becoming a member today at <a href="https://pledge3.wnyc.org/donate/radiolab-it/onestep/?utm_source=wnyc&amp;utm_medium=radiolab-redirect&amp;utm_campaign=pledge&amp;utm_content=show-notes" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Radiolab.org/donate</a>.

Paper Boys

Weekly hand curated podcast episodes for learning