We look at sources of laser frequency noise and discuss feedback techniques using a reference cavity or a molecular transition to stabilize the laser frequency.

Laser frequency stabilization

We look at pump probe methods using ultrafast pulses for high temporal resolution experiments.

Ultrafast Spectroscopy

We look at transient effects in laser gain material, -switching and mode locking as methods to get short pulses.

Short Pulse Generation

Podcsat from 2008 of lecture on Raman spectroscopy.  This is in place of the 11/9 lecture given about Raman spectroscopy, for which the audio didn't record properly.

Raman Scattering

Podcsat from 2008 of lecture on stimulated Raman scattering.  This content was not covered in class this semester.  This is for your interest only and will not be covered on exams.

Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy 

We look at how saturation causes hole burning in a spectral line, and measurement techniques such as lamb-dip spectroscopy and intermodulated fluorescence that can take advantage of this for doppler-free measurements.

Nonlinear Spectroscopy

We look at basic methods of emission spectroscopy including laser induced fluorescence, resonant enhanced multi-photon emission (REMPI), intermodulated fluorescence and stimulated emission pumping.

Emission Spectroscopy

WE look at basic techniques of absorption spectroscopy including direct detection, frequency modulation, intracavity absorption and cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

Absorption Spectroscopy

We look at how the natural lifetime of an energy level produces a Lorentzian line profile and how the natural linewidth can be broadened by Doppler broadening, pressure broadening, transit time broadening and saturation broadening.

spectral line profiles

We look at how interferometers can be used to measure wanelength.

Interferometers

Lecture recordings from Physics 268 at San Jose State University.  75 minute enhanced audio epsiodes will be added on Monday and Wednesday nights throughout Fall of 2009.

We look at the principles of operation of prism spectrometers and grating spectrometers and discuss operating characteristics (speed, resolving power, spectral transmission and free spectral range).

Spectrometer Operation

We consider the advantages and disadvantages of three classes of photodetectors: photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes and thermal detectors.

Photodetectors

We look at several examples of tunable lasers and discuss nonlinear optics as a mechanism to increase the region of the spectrum available from laser sources.

Tunable Lasers

We look at 3-level and 4-level gain systems in laser amplifiers, discuss optical cavities and tuning elements of laser oscillators.

Fundamentals of Lasers

We look at an example of calculating the bond length and bond strength of HCl from a measured mid IR absorption spectrum.

Molecular Absorption

We look at energy levels associated with rotation and vibration of molecular bonds

Molecular Energy Levels

We look at the Bohr model of the atom and see how it can be used to explain the line spectrum of Hydrogen, and then generalize to other atoms.

Energy Levels

We look at an application of our previous quantum treatment of the two-level atom for measuring G the universal gravitational constant.

Gravity Measurements

We look at absorption as a quantum effect and introduce the Einstein A and B coefficients for stimulated and spontaneous emission.

Quantum Model of Absorption

We use the classical electron oscillator model to derive the functional form of the index of refraction in material as well as the absorption, which we relate to the cross section.

Index of Refraction and Absorption

Laser Spectroscopy Podcast

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